اثر تغذیه سطوح مختلف تخم‌مرغ کامل ضایعاتی بر مصرف خوراک، گوارش‌پذیری مواد مغذی، فراسنجه‌های تخمیری شکمبه و سنتز پروتئین میکروبی در گوسفندان نر کرمانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد تغذیه دام، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران،

3 دانش‌آموخته دکتری تغذیه دام، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: با توجه به این که تعداد قابل توجهی تخم‌مرغ طی حمل‌و‌نقل، نگهداری در انبار و در هنگام فروش شکسته شده و قابل مصرف برای انسان نمی‌باشند، بنابراین می‌توان از آن به‌عنوان یک ماده خوراکی با کیفیت بالا در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان استفاده کرد. تخم-مرغ، یک منبع عالی از پروتئین و چربی، مورد توجه بسیاری از محققان قرار گرفته و تحقیقاتی در رابطه با کاربرد آن به‌عنوان یک منبع پروتئین ارزان و متنوع در تغذیه حیوانات انجام شده‌‌است. طی برآورد صورت گرفته، هشت درصد تخم‌مرغ‌های تجاری تولیدشده کیفیت خوبی را ندارند و قابل مصرف برای انسان نمی‌باشند، که برای مصارف حیوانی از جمله در تغذیه دام‌‌ها، ارزش تغذیه‌ای خوبی را دارند. لذا هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثر تغذیه سطوح مختلف تخم‌مرغ کامل ضایعاتی بر مصرف خوراک، گوارش‌پذیری ظاهری مواد مغذی، فراسنجه‌های تخمیری شکمبه و سنتز پروتئین میکروبی در گوسفند بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: تخم‌مرغ کامل ضایعاتی به‌صورت تر در ده روز مراجعه متوالی از یک واحد مرغ تخم‌گذار تهیه شد. تخم‌مرغ‌های جمع-آوری‌شده به‌صورت طبیعی در هوا و دور از نور مستقیم آفتاب خشک و آسیاب شدند. پس از تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی، در سطوح صفر، 5/2، 5 و 5/7 درصد در جیره‌های آزمایشی استفاده و جایگزین کنجاله کلزا و سبوس گندم شد. پس از تهیه جیره‌های آزمایشی، فراسنجه-های مورد نظر با استفاده از چهار راس گوسفند نر بالغ کرمانی با میانگین وزن زنده 5/0±44 کیلوگرم در قالب طرح چرخشی در چهار دوره 21 روزه بررسی شد. گوارش‌پذیری ظاهری براساس روش جمع‌آوری کامل مدفوع محاسبه گردید. از مایع شکمبه هر گوسفند در پنج روز آخر هر دوره در ساعات صفر، سه و شش ساعت پس از وعده صبح جهت تعیین pH، نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه و جمعیت پروتوزوآ نمونه‌گیری ‌عمل آمد. در آخرین روز هر دوره و در سه ساعت پس از مصرف خوراک، خون‌گیری از گوسفندان از طریق ورید وداج انجام گرفت. جهت تعیین میزان آلانتوئین و پروتئین میکروبی، میزان ادرار تولیدی در روزهای نمونه‌گیری در طول 24 ساعت با ظرف‌هایی موجود در زیر قفس‌های متابولیکی جمع‌آوری شد.
یافته‌ها: مصرف خوراک، مصرف و ابقا نیتروژن و همچنین گوارش‌پذیری ظاهری مواد مغذی تحت تأثیر جیره‌های آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. این در حالی‌است که غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی در سه ساعت پس از مصرف خوراک و جمعیت کل پروتوزوآ و گونه‌های انتودینیوم (به-ترتیب 54/13 و 94/9) با افزایش سطح تخم‌مرغ کامل ضایعاتی جیره، افزایش یافت (05/0>P). با افزودن تخم‌مرغ کامل ضایعاتی میزان سنتز پروتئین میکروبی تغییر معنی‌داری نداشت. در بین فراسنجه‌های خونی، غلظت کلسترول خون گوسفندان با افزودن تخم‌مرغ کامل ضایعاتی به جیره گوسفندان افزایش یافت (75/58 میلی‌گرم در دسی‌لیتر با جیره شاهد در برابر 69 میلی‌گرم در جیره حاوی 5/7 درصد ضایعات تخم مرغ) (05/0>P).
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد تخم‌مرغ کامل ضایعاتی از نظر سطح مواد مغذی مورد نیاز نشخوارکنندگان به‌طور نسبی متعادل بوده و استفاده از آن در سطح 5/7 درصد موجب افزایش جمعیت گونه‌های پروتوزوآ و تولید آمونیاک در شکمبه و بهبود شرایط تخمیر شد. بنابراین، این فراورده می‌تواند به‌عنوان جزئی از کنسانتره‌ی نشخوارکنندگان کوچک در جیره گنجانده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of feeding different levels of whole wasted egg on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and microbial protein synthesis in Kermani male sheep

نویسندگان [English]

  • zahra taghipour 1
  • Reza Tahmasbi 1
  • Omid Dayani 2
  • Amin Khezri 1
  • Zohreh Hajalizadeh 3
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
2 Department of Animal Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
3 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Considering that the significant numbers of eggs are broken during transport, storage and sale and are not consumable by humans, so it can be used as a high quality feed in livestock diet. Egg is an important alternative feed ingredient that contains high quality crude protein and crude fat. It is estimated that 8% of produced commercial eggs had not a good quality which has good nutritional value for animal consumption. It has been thought that, as a high quality nutrient, unmarketable cracked eggs could be used in animal nutrition and a few studies have been carried out on that respect. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to investigate of the effect of feeding different levels of wasted egg as the main source of dietary protein on sheep rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters.
Materials and methods: Whole waste egg were prepared from a commercial laying hen farm during 10 consecutive days. The collected eggs were air-dried away from direct sunlight then grounded. After determining the chemical composition of wasted eggs, levels of 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5% were used in experimental diets. For determine the effects of wasted egg on sheep, four mature ram (with 44±0.5 live weight) were used in a change-over design with four periods of 21 days. Nutrients digestibility determined by fecal total collection method. In the 5 days at the end of each period at 0, 3 and 6 h after morning feeding, rumen fluid was sampled from sheep by esophagus tube and were filtered through three layers of cheesecloth. Blood samples were collected at the end of each period and 3 h after morning feeding in 10-mL. To determine the amount of allantoin and microbial protein synthesis, the daily urine produced during 24 hours was collected.
Results: In the present study, dry matter intake and digestibility in sheep fed experimental diet were not significantly altered. Ruminal pH was not affected by waste egg. But, ammonia nitrogen and total protozoa population (13.54 and 9.94 respectively) in rumen fluid at three hours after morning feeding increased (P<0.05) by adding of waste egg in sheep’s diet. Total purine derivatives and microbial protein synthesis did not change. Blood cholesterol levels in sheep fed wasted egg were significantly higher (58.75 in control diet vs 69 in 7.5 % whole waste egg diet) than other groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In conclusion, waste egg has suitable nutrients for using livestock feed. Whereas, feeding 7.5% of wasted egg increased of total protozoa population and ammonia nitrogen, and improved fermentation condition. Because alter in ruminal fermentation characteristics, this waste can be used as part of a concentrate in the diet of sheep.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Waste egg
  • Rumen fermentation
  • Microbial protein
  • Sheep
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