اثر افزودن اسانس صمغ درخت ون (Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica) به جیره میش‏ ها در اواخر آبستنی بر تولید و ترکیب شیر و رشد بره ‏های شیرخوار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 استاد، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی کرمانشاه. ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: رشد و سلامت بره‏ ها از بدو تولد تا زمان از شیر گرفتن تحت تأثیر عملکرد و کیفیت آغوز میش است. آغوز حاوی پروتئین‏ های ضروری، چربی‏ ها، هورمون‏ ها، ویتامین‏ ها و آنتی بادی ‏هایی است که ایمنی، رشد و نمو را تسهیل می‏ کند. بنابراین برای بهبود آغوز استفاده از جیره با کیفیت الزامیست. مصرف آغوز با کیفیت بالا، بقای نوزاد را بهبود بخشیده و توانایی تولیدمثل و بهره‏ وری آینده گوسفند را افزایش می‏ دهد. اگرچه ترکیب آغوز میش به طور گسترده تحت تأثیر تغذیه قرار می‏ گیرد، برخی از اسانس ‏های گیاهی برای بهبود سلامت گوسفند و بهره ‏وری آنها استفاده شده است. این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثر تغذیه سطوح مختلف اسانس صمغ درخت ونPistacia Atlantica Kurdica به میش‏ ها قبل از زایش و در طول شیردهی بر خوراک مصرفی، کیفیت آغوز، تولید و ترکیب شیر و رشد بره‌های شیرخوار انجام شد.
مواد و روش ها: اسانس صمغ درخت ون به صورت تجاری تهیه شد و به منظور تأثیر اسانس صمغ درخت ون در دوره آبستنی و شیردهی (به مدت 5 ماه به طول انجامید و زمان عادت‏ پذیری 21 روز بود) به جیره میش‏ ها افزوده شد. یک گله 168رأسی میش که همگی تحت برنامه هم‌زمان‌سازی فحلی قرار گرفتند. تعداد 90 رأس میش آبستن در ماه آخر بارداری ( که در شکم دوم و سوم زایش بودند و میانگین میش‏ ها وزن1/65±68/84 کیلوگرم) به طور تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه اول اسانس دریافت نکردند و گروه دوم و سوم به ترتیب روزانه 0/8 و 1/6 میلی لیتر اسانس صمغ درخت ون دریافت کردند. اسانس صمغ درخت ون درست قبل از هر وعده غذایی روی خوراک اسپری شد. در زمان زایمان، تعداد 36 رأس بره تک قلو به همراه مادرهایشان به طور کاملاً تصادفی در سه گروه آزمایشی تقسیم شدند. هر گروه به 4 واحد سه رأسی میش برای تعیین میزان مصرف ماده خشک تقسیم شد. تمام داده های دیگر مانند تولید و ترکیب شیر، آغوز و اطلاعات رشد بره از 12 رأس میش و بره‏ های آنها در هر تیمار به دست آمد.
یافته‌ها: هر دو گروه تیمار شده با اسانس صمغ درخت ون اثرات مثبتی بر افزایش ماده خشک و تولید شیر داشت، میش‌ها با دوز روزانه 1/6 میلی‌لیتر اسانس صمغ درخت ون، بیشترین میزان خوراک مصرفی و تولید شیر را داشت (0.05>p ). اسانس بر وزن تولد بره‏ها تأثیری نداشت. تغذیه اسانس تأثیر مثبتی بر چربی، پروتئین و مواد جامد در آغوز و شیر داشت (0.05>p ). سلول‏ های سوماتیک در آغوز و شیر درنتیجه تغذیه با اسانس صمغ درخت ون کاهش یافت (0.05>p ).
نتیجه‌گیری: اسانس صمغ درخت ون تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر سلول‌های سوماتیک آغوز و شیر داشت و باعث کاهش آن در تیمارهای حاوی اسانس شد. با توجه به تأثیر مثبت تغذیه اسانس صمغ درخت ون بر تولید شیر، ترکیب شیر و آغوز (چربی و پروتئین) و سرعت رشد بره‎ ‏های شیرخوار، می‏توان نتیجه گرفت که این اسانس را می توان به عنوان یک افزودنی خوراکی مناسب در جیره میش ها با دوز 1/6 میلی لیتر در روز توصیه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of adding of Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil to the diet ewes on late pregnancy on milk yield and components, and growth of suckling lambs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Massoumeh Rezaei 1
  • Farokh Kafilzadeh 2
  • Hasan Khamisabadi 3
1 PhD student , Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Professor, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Animal Science Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: The growth and health of lambs from birth to weaning are influenced by yield and quality of the ewe's colostrum. Colostrum contains essential proteins, fats, hormones, vitamins, and antibodies that facilitate immunity, growth, and development. Therefore, to improve colostrum, it is necessary to use a quality diet. That colostrum is of high quality to ensure the best start to life for offspring. Consumption of high-quality colostrum improves neonatal survival and increases the reproductive potential and future productivity in sheep. Some plant essential oils have been used to improve ewes health and their productivity. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding different levels of Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil on feed, intake, the quality of colostrum, milk yield, and milk composition, and growth of suckling lambs.
Materials and methods: Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil was prepared commercially and added to the ewes' diet in order to influence the Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil during pregnancy and lactation (it lasted for 5 months and the habituation time was 21 days). A herd of 168 ewes (which were in the second and third pregnancy and the average weight of the ewes was 68.84±1.65 kg), all of which were subjected to the estrus synchronization program. Ninety pregnant ewes in the last month of their pregnancy were randomly divided into three groups. The first group did not receive any essential oil, and the second and third groups received a daily dose of 0.8 and 1.6 milliliters of Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil, respectively. The Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil was sprayed on the feed of just before each meal. At the time of parturition, 36 single-born female lambs and their dams were randomly assigned to the three experimental groups. Each group was further subdivided into 4 units of three ewes each to determine dry matter intake. All other data such as milk production and composition, colostrum, and lambs growth data were obtained from 12 ewes and their lambs in each treatment.
Results: Both groups treated with Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil had positive effects on increasing dry matter and milk production, but ewes received a daily dose of 1.6 ml of Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil had the highest DM intake and milk production (P<0.05). The essential oil had no effect on the birth weight of lambs (P<0.05). Feeding the essential oil had a significant effect on fat, protein, and solid none fat in colostrum and milk. Somatic cells both in colostrum and milk declined as a result of feeding Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil(P<0.05).
Conclusion: The essential oil had a significant and positive effect on the somatic cells of colostrum and milk and caused it to decrease in the treatments containing essential oil. Because of the significant positive effect of Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum essential oil on milk production, milk and colostrums composition (fat and protein) and the growth rate of suckling lambs, it is concluded that this essential oil could be recommended as a suitable feed additive in the diet of ewes at a dose of 1.6 ml/d.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • colostrum. essential oil
  • lamb birth weight
  • milk quality
  • Pistacia Atlantica Kurdica gum

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 11، شماره 4
دی 1402
صفحه 109-124

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