تاثیر افزودنی‌های اسیدآلی، ملاس و آنزیم بر ترکیب شیمیایی، پایداری هوازی، فراسنجه‌های تولید گاز و تخمیری، و قابلیت هضم برون‌تنی سیلاژ نخودفرنگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس،

2 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس،

3 گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاوووس

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: منابع تامین کننده پروتئین، پرهزینه‌ترین بخش خوراک دام را تشکیل می‌دهند و سالانه مقدار زیادی از این منابع جهت استفاده در صنعت دامپروری از خارج وارد کشور می‌شود. یکی از اقدامات مهم در کاهش هزینه خوراک، استفاده بهینه از منابع موجود و شناخت مواد غذایی جدید و بکارگیری آن در جیره دام است. از طرفی سالانه حجم عظیمی از بقایای محصولات کشاورزی حاصل می‌شود که می‌توان از آنها در تغذیه دام استفاده نمود. استفاده بهینه از فرآورده‌های فرعی کشاورزی و کارخانجات بوجاری و صنایع تبدیلی در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان، از جنبه‌های اقتصادی و زیست محیطی حائز اهمیت می‌باشد. نخود‌سبز یا نخودفرنگی (Pisum sativum) از خانواده نخود که محصول آب و هوای معتدل و سرد بوده و در اکثر قسمت‌های جهان با هدف تولید دانه سبز کشت می‌شود اما ضایعات آن پس از برداشت غلاف‌های حاوی دانه، به عنوان خوراک حجیم مرغوب می‌تواند مورد استفاده نشخوارکننده قرار گیرد. فرآورده فرعی بعد برداشت نخـود فرنگـی (نخـود سـبز) کـه بـه صورت دستی قابل استحصال و تفکیک بوده بخش‌های ساقه، برگها و غلاف عاری از دانه سبز می‌باشـد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر استفاده از افزودنی‌های اسید آلی، آنزیمی و ملاس بر ترکیب شیمیایی، پارامترهای تولید گاز و قابلیت هضم سیلاژ علوفه نخود فرنگی بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: علوفه نخودفرنگی در مرحله خمیری برداشت و توسط چاپر به قطعات حدود 3-2 سانتی‌متر خرد شد. علوفه‌های برداشت شده نخودفرنگی در سه تکرار در کیسه‌های نایلونی به صورت دستی فشرده و سیلو شدند. سیلوهای پر شده در دمای اتاق نگهداری و برای مدت 45 روز سیلو شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) نخودفرنگی بدون هیچ‌گونه افزودنی (شاهد)‌، 2) نخودفرنگی + آنزیم(فیبرولیتیک 2گرم به ازای کیلوگرم ماده خشک)، 3) نخودفرنگی + ‌افزودنی اسید آلی(2%)، 4) نخود فرنگی + ملاس (8%) و 5) نخودفرنگی + آنزیم+ ملاس بودند. افزودنی‌ها در آب دیونیزه حل و با اسپری دستی به روی علوفه اسپری شدند. بعد از سپری شدن زمان معین، سیلوها باز و نمونه‌ها با هم مخلوط و در دمای 60 درجه سانتی‌گراد در آون برای 48 ساعت خشک شدند. ترکیب شیمایی نمونه‌ها با استفاده از روش‌های استاندارد تعیین شد. به منظور برآورد فراسنجه‌های تولید گاز از آزمون تولید گاز و قابلیت هضم برون‌تنی از روش کشت بسته استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بین تیمارهای آزمایشی از نظر الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی، پروتئین خام و pH اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت (05/0p<). تیمار دارای افزودنی آنزیمی دارای پایین ترین مقدار الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (50/46 درصد ماده خشک) بود. تیمارهای دارای ملاس از pH پایین‌تری (94/3) در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها برخوردار بودند. از نظر پایداری هوازی، تیمار دارای اسید آلی بیشترین تاثیر را در بین تیمارها داشت. بین تیمارهای آزمایشی از نظر پتانسیل تولید گاز و فراسنجه‌های تخمیری اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت ( 05/0P<). بالاترین و پایین ترین مقدار پتانسیل تولید گاز مربوط به تیمار دارای افزودنی ملاس و آنزیم بود (به ترتیب 1/199 و 3/183 میلی گرم به ازاء گرم‌ ماده خشک). بین تیمارهای آزمایشی از نظر قابلیت هضم ماده خشک و عامل تفکیک اختلاف معنی درای وجود داشت ( 05/0P<). در بین افزودنی‌ها آنزیم کمترین تاثیر را برقابلیت هضم ماده خشک(9/38 درصد) و افزودنی ملاس کمترین تاثیر را بر قابلیت هضم ماده آلی داشت(42/4 درصد).
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که در بین افزودنی‌ها، استفاده از افزودنی‌های سیلویی ملاس و ملاس + آنزیم باعث بهبود ارزش تغذیه ای سیلاژ در مقایسه با سایر گردید. علوفه نخودفرنگی با داشتن مقدار پروتئین خام همانند علوفه ذرت و نیز خصوصیات سیلویی مناسب، دارای پتانسیل سیلو شدن بوده و می‌تواند در تغذیه دام مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different additives (organic acid, mollasses and enzyme) on chemical composition, aerobic stability, fermentation parameters, digestibility and gas production of pea (Pisum sativum) silage

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Arab 1
  • Javad Bayatkouhsar 2
  • Farzad Ghanbari 2
  • Ashoor-Mohammad Gharehbash 2
  • Ali Nakhzari- Moghadam 3
1 Master student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavos University,
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavos University,
3 Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Sources of protein are the most expensive part of animal feed, and every year a large amount of these sources are imported from abroad for use in animal husbandry industry. One of the important steps in reducing the cost of feed is the optimal use of available resources and the recognition of new foods and their use in animal rations. On the other hand, every year, a huge amount of agricultural product residues are obtained, which can be used in animal nutrition. Optimum use of agricultural by-products and processing industries in feeding ruminants is important from economic and environmental aspects. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a cool-season crop and one of the most important legumes, in the temperate climatic regions and it has been widely consumed as a legume or vegetable throughout the world for the purpose of both human nutrition and animal nutrition. Peas are cultivated with the aim of producing green seeds, but after harvesting the pods containing seeds, its waste can be used by ruminants as high-quality bulk feed. The by-product after the harvesting of chickpeas (green chickpeas) which can be extracted and separated manually is the parts of the stem, leaves and pods that are free of green seeds. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect using organic acid (acetic acid) and fibrinolytic enzyme and molasses on chemical composition, fermentation characteristic, gas production and digestibility parameters of pea silage.
Materials and Methods: Whole crop pea silage was harvested and chopped with a conventional forage harvester under farm condition to length of 2-3 cm. Representative of pea forage sample was packed manually, in triplicate into plastic bags. The filled silos were stored at ambient temperature and allowed to ensile for 45 days. The following treatments were applied to the forage samples: 1) pea forage without any additives (control), 2) control + fibrinolytic enzyme(2 grams per kg of dry matter), 3) control + organic acid(2%), 4) control + molasses(8%) and 5) control + (fibrinolytic enzyme+ molasses). Additives diluted in deionized water and applied with a hand held sprayer while forage samples were stirred manually. A similar quantity of deionized water was sprayed on the control forage. After designated ensiling times, silos were opened and the ensiled forage was mixed thoroughly and then were dried at a 60°C in oven for 48 h and then ground to pass through a 2 mm screen for later analysis.
Results: Results showed that there were significant differences among treatments on NDF, CP and pH (P>0.05). Enzyme treated silages had lowest NDF content (46.50%) compared with other treatments (P<0.05). The lowest pH was related to treatment containing molasses. silage treated with organic acid improved aerobic stability, significantly. There were significant differences among treatments on gas production parameters
(P<0.05) and molasses and enzyme treated pea silage had highest and lowest gas production potential than others (199.1 and 183.3 ml/g DM, respectively). Results showed that there were no significant differences among treatments on DMD and partitioning factor (P>0.05). Organic acid treated silages had lowest effect on DMD and OMD compared with other treatments (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Overall, results showed that using molasses and molasses + enzyme as additive can be improwed nutritive value of pea silage better than others. Anyway, green pea forage according to the appropriate level of crude protein similar to corn forage and its silage characteristics, has the potential of silage and can be used in livestock feeding.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Green Pea silage
  • Gas production parameters
  • Enzyme
  • Molasses

مراجع

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 11، شماره 2
شهریور 1402
صفحه 49-68

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