بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه‌پذیری شکمبه‌ای و تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی سیلاژ تفاله پونه کوهی با مقادیر مختلف خرمای ضایعاتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد تغذیه دام بخش مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 استاد بخش مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران،

3 دانشیار، بخش مهندسی علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران،

4 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام، ایران،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: سیستم‌های تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان بر مبنای ضایعات قابل دسترس در هر منطقه یک راهکار مفید جهت تامین خوراک دام می‌باشد. از جمله این ضایعات کشاورزی می‌توان به تفاله پونه کوهی اشاره نمود که پسماند کارخانجات عصاره‌گیری است. ذخیره کردن اینگونه منابع در شرایط عادی به‌خاطر رطوبت بالای آن‌ها مشکلاتی ایجاد می‌کند. سیلو کردن یکی از روش‌های متداول نگهداری و عمل آوری مواد علوفه‌ای با رطوبت بالا است. از طرفی افزودن منابع کربوهیدراتی زود هضم مانند خرمای ضایعاتی سبب بهبود ارزش تغذیه‌ای سیلو می‌شود. هدف از انجام این آزمایش بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه‌پذیری شکمبه‌ای و تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی سیلاژ تفاله پونه کوهی با درصد‌های مختلف خرمای ضایعاتی بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: برای انجام این آزمایش 400 کیلوگرم تفاله پونه کوهی با سطوح صفر، 5، 10 و 15 درصد خرمای ضایعاتی در سطل‌هایی با گنجایش ده لیتر سیلو گردید. بر این اساس تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) تفاله خشک پونه کوهی، 2) سیلاژ تفاله پونه کوهی بدون افزودنی، 3) سیلاژ تفاله پونه کوهی با افزودن 5 درصد خرمای ضایعاتی، 4) سیلاژ تفاله پونه کوهی با افزودن 10 درصد خرمای ضایعاتی و 5) سیلاژ تفاله پونه کوهی با افزودن 15 درصد خرمای ضایعاتی بودند. پس از گذشت 45 روز، درب سیلوها باز شد و از سیلاژها برای تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه‌پذیری شکمبه‌ای به روش کیسه‌های نایلونی و آزمون تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی نمونه‌گیری شد. نتایج به‌دست آمده در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی تجزیه و تحلیل آماری شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که با سیلو کردن تفاله پونه کوهی و افزایش سطح خرمای ضایعاتی در سیلاژ‌ها، میزان ماده خشک افزایش پیدا کرد. الیاف نامحلول در شوینده‌ی خنثی و عصاره اتری تفاله پونه کوهی با سیلو کردن کاهش یافتند. ولی افزودن خرمای ضایعاتی به سیلوها، باعث افزایش درصد آن‌ها شد. کمترین حجم گاز تولیدی در تمام ساعت‌های انکوباسیون مربوط به سیلاژ تفاله پونه بدون خرمای ضایعاتی بود (100 میلی‌لیتر). پتانسیل تولید گاز و نرخ تولید گاز با سیلو کردن تفاله پونه کوهی کاهش یافت، اما افزودن خرمای ضایعاتی به سیلوها منجر به افزایش این دو مولفه گردید. عامل تفکیک در تفاله پونه کوهی سیلوشده بدون افزودنی بالاترین مقدار بود (23/2 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر). تجزیه‌پذیری بخش سریع تجزیه (a) برای ماده خشک، پروتئین خام و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده‌ی خنثی و همچنین تجزیه‌پذیری بخش کند تجزیه شونده (b) برای پروتئین خام و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده‌ی خنثی با سیلو کردن کاهش پیدا کرد، اما افزودن سطوح مختلف خرمای ضایعاتی به سیلوها منجر به افزایش تجزیه‌پذیری بخش سریع‌تجزیه شد. بخش کندتجزیه شونده برای ماده خشک با سیلو کردن و همچنین افزودن خرمای ضایعاتی به سیلوها افزایش پیدا کرد. ثابت نرخ تجزیه‌ (c) برای ماده خشک و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده‌ی خنثی با سیلو کردن تفاله پونه کوهی کاهش پیدا کرد، ولی افزودن سطوح مختلف خرمای ضایعاتی تا سطح 15 درصد منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار این مولفه گردید (به‌ترتیب 016/0 و 018/0).
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که با سیلو کردن تفاله پونه کوهی ترکیب شیمیایی و ارزش غذایی آن اندکی کاهش پیدا کرد. اما به نظر می‌رسد برای سیلوکردن تفاله پونه‌کوهی، با افزودن 15 درصد خرمای ضایعاتی، بهترین عملکرد تولید سیلاژ را بتوان شاهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Survey of chemical composition, ruminal degradability and in vitro gas production of Mentha pulegium pulp silage with different levels of waste date

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Mehdi Eshaghi Maskoni 1
  • Omid Dayani 2
  • Amin Khezri 3
  • Poorya Dadvar 4
1 Master's student in Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
2 Professor of Animal Science Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Animal Science Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor of Animal Science Research Department, Ilam Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ilam, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Ruminant feeding systems based on the available by-products of each region, are a useful method to provide animal feed. Among these agricultural wastes is oregano residue, which is the waste of oregano extraction factories. Due to their high moisture, storing such resources under normal conditions is difficult. Ensiling is one of the common methods of storing and processing forages with high moisture. On the other hand, adding easily degradable carbohydrates such as wasted date, improves the nutritional value of silage. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, ruminal degradability and in vitro gas production of Mentha pulegium L. pulp silage with different percentages of wasted date.
Materials and methods: To perform this experiment, 400 kg of Mentha pulegium pulp ensiled with 0, 5, 10 and 15 percent of wasted date in 10 litters buckets. Experimental diets were: 1) dried Mentha pulegium pulp, 2) Mentha pulegium pulp ensiled without additive, 3) Mentha pulegium pulp ensiled with 5% waste date, 4) Mentha pulegium pulp ensiled with 10% waste date, 5) Mentha pulegium pulp ensiled with 15% waste date. Buckets were exposure after 45d and several samples were taken for determining chemical composition, in vitro gas production and ruminal degradability by nylon bag technique.
Results: The results showed that dry matter content of Mentha pulegium pulp increased by ensiling and enhancing the percentage of waste date in silages. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ether extract of Mentha pulegium pulp decreased by ensiling but addition of waste date to silage caused to an increase in their percentages. The lowest volume of gas produced among incubation time, was related to Mentha pulegium pulp silage without additive (100 mL). Gas production potential and gas production rate were reduced by ensiling Mentha pulegium pulp, but addition of waste dates to the silages increased these two components. The partitioning factor was the highest value in ensiled oregano pulp without additives (2.23 mg/mL). Rapidly degradable fraction (a) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and NDF and also potentially degradable fraction (b) of CP and NDF decreased by ensiling, but adding waste date to silages lead to an increase in the degradability of the soluble fraction. Slowly degradable fraction (b) of DM, increased by ensiling and also by addition of wasted date to silages. The degradation rate (c) of DM and NDF decreased by ensiling, but adding different percentages of wasted date up to 15% cause to a significant increase in this component (0.016 and 0.018 respectively).
Conclusion: The results showed that chemical composition and nutritional value of Mentha pulegium pulp decreased slightly by ensiling, but it seems that the best performance of silage production can be observed by adding 15% of waste dates for ensiling oregano pulp.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Degradation rate
  • Incubation
  • Mentha pulegium pulp
  • Silo
  • Waste date
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