تاثیر عوامل مادری بر رشد، شاخص‌های رشد اسکلتی و پروتئین تام سرم خون گوساله‌های شیرخوار هلشتاین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تغذیه دام، ، گروه علوم دامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران،

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران،

3 استادیار ، گروه علوم دامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران،

4 استاد، گروه علوم دامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران،

5 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی عوامل مربوط به مادر (اثرات مادری) شامل طول دوره خشکی، تعداد شکم زایش، نوع زایش، تعداد گوساله در زایش و نمره وضعیت بدن گاو در زمان زایش بر وزن تولد، غلظت پروتئین تام سرم خون و فراسنجه‌های رشد اسکلتی گوساله‌های ماده شیرخوار هلشتاین بود.
مواد و روشها: 152 راس گاو شیری هلشتاین و گوساله‌های ماده آنها در این پژوهش مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. گوساله‌ها در بدو تولد وزن کشی شدند. نمونه آغوز تازه از 152 گاو شیری هلشتاین جمع آوری شد. اثرات مادری شامل: تعداد شکم زایش از 2 تا 5. نوع زایش: یک قلو یا چندقلو، طبیعی یا سخت زایی، طول دوره خشکی که شامل: گروه 1- زیر 45 روز. گروه 2- 46 تا 60 روز. گروه 3- 61 تا 75 روز و گروه 4- بالای 75 روز تقسیم بندی گردید. همچنین در روز 30 و 60 آزمایش وزن بدن گوساله‌ها اندازه گیری و ثبت شدند.
یافته‌ها: وزن بدن گوساله‌ها در زمان تولد تحت تاثیر شکم زایش مادر قرار نگرفت. شکم زایش گاو بر وزن بدن گوساله‌ها در 30 روزگی و 60 روزگی اثر داشت، بطوریکه وزن گوساله‌های متولد شده از مادران با 5 شکم زایش در 30 روزگی در مقایسه با گوساله‌های مادران با شکم 2، 3 و 4 کمتر بود (05/0P<). همچنین در 60 روزگی نیز گوساله‌های متولد شده از مادران با شکم زایش 2 در مقایسه با سایر گوساله‌ها وزن بیشتری داشتند (05/0P<). وزن گوساله‌ها در تولد، 30 و 60 روزگی تحت تاثیر نوع تولد گوساله و نوع زایش قرار گرفت (05/0P<)، بطوریکه گوساله‌های تک قلو و گوساله‌های متولد شده از زایمان طبیعی وزن بیشتری داشتند. کمترین و بیشترین وزن 60 روزگی به ترتیب در گوساله‌های مادران با طول دوره خشکی کمتر از 45 و بیشتر از 75 روز مشاهده گردید. پروتئین تام سرم تحت تاثیر شکم زایش، تعداد گوساله در هر زایش، نوع زایش و نمره وضعیت بدنی گاو در زمان زایش قرار گرفت (05/0P<). به علاوه اثر نوع زایش بر غلظت پروتئین تام سرم گوساله‌ها در تولد و 10 روزگی تمایل به معنی داری داشت، درحالیکه در 35 روزگی در گوساله‌های متولد شده با زایش طبیعی در مقایسه با گوساله‌های حاصل از سخت زایی بیشتر بود. فراسنجه‌های ارتفاع جدوگاه و طول بدن در گوساله-های متولد از مادران با شکم زایش 2، 3 و 4 بیشتر از 5 بود (05/0P<). دور سینه در بدو تولد و ارتفاع هیپ در 60 روزگی در گوساله-های مادران با طول دوره خشکی بیشتر از 75 روز بیشتر بود (05/0P<). فراسنجه‌های رشد اسکلتی در تولد و 60 روزگی برای گوساله-های تک قلو نسبت به دوقلو و گوساله‌های متولد شده با زایش طبیعی بیشتر بود (05/0P<).
نتیجه گیری: به طور کلی نتیجه آزمایش نشان داد عوامل مربوط به وضعیت فیزیولوژیک مادر و نحوه زایش بر وضعیت ایمنی و عملکرد گوساله‌های شیرخوار اثر دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of maternal factors on growth, skeletal growth factors, and serum total protein of Holstein dairy calves

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mitra Aghakhani 1
  • Amir Davar Foroozandeh Shahraki 2
  • Seyed Nouroldin Tabatabaeia 3
  • Majid Toghyani 4
  • Hassan Rafiee 5
1 Department of Animal Science , Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Department of Animal Science , Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
3 Department of Animal Science , Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
4 Department of Animal Science , Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
5 Animal Science Research Dep., Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, 8174835117, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objective: The aim of this study was to investigate maternal factors including dry period length, parity, calving type, calf number per calving, and calving body condition score on body weight (BW), serum total protein (STP) concentration, and body structure growth of female Holstein dairy calves.
Materials and methods: 152 Holstein dairy cows and their female calves were studied in this experiment. The calves were weighed at birth and moved to individual pens bedded with sawdust, Fresh colostrum samples were collected from 152 Holstein dairy cows. Maternal effects include: number of births from 2 to 5. Type of childbirth: single or multiple, natural or hard birth. Dry period length which includes: Group 1 - under 45 days. Group 2- 46 to 60 days. Group 3 - 61 to 75 days and group 4- Over 75 days. Calves' BW was also measured on days 30 and 60 of the study.
Results: Birth BW was not affected by the mother's parity. The parity had an effect on the BW of calves at day 30 and 60, whereas, the lowest calves BW at day 30 was revealed in the five lactation cows. Also, the calves that were born to mothers who entered their second lactation were heavier than other calves at day 60 (P <0.05). Calf BW at birth, 30, and 60 days of age was affected by the number of calves at birth and the type of calving (P <0.05) so that singleton calves and normal birth calves had more BW. day 60 (P <0.05) was significant so that the mothers with dry period length less than 45 and more than 75 days had the lowest and highest 60-day calves BW. Serum total protein was affected by parity, calves’ number per calving, type of calving, and calving body condition score (P <0.05). In addition, the effect of calving type on STP concentration at birth and day 10 tended to be significant, while at day 35 normal birth calves had greater STP than dystocia birth calves. Withers height and body length in calves born to five lactations mothers were lower than other parities (P <0.05). Heart girth at birth and hip height at day 60 of age was higher in calves were born to mother with a dry period length more than 75 days (P <0.05). Body structure at birth and day 60 was higher for singleton calves than for twin calves and calves born with normal calving than calves born with dystocia (P <0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the current experiment showed that factors related to the physiological status of dams and calving type affect the immunity status and performance of infant's calves.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Maternal factors
  • birth weight
  • serum total protein
  • body structure growth
  • dairy calf

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 9، شماره 4
اسفند 1400
صفحه 49-64

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