تاثیر پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیورماکروویو شده بر عملکرد رشد، فراسنجه‌های شکمبه، تولید پروتئین میکروبی و ابقا نیتروژن در بره‌های پرواری دالاق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گلستان

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات،

3 استاد ،گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات،

چکیده

هدف: استفاده از منابع خوراکی مرسوم در جیره دام سبب شده است که علاوه بر افزایش تقاضا و افزایش قیمت دلیلی برای واردات آن شود. از طرف دیگر، استفاده از بقایای صنایع غذایی و عمل‌آوری آنها می‌تواند منابع قابل اعتمادی از مواد مغذی را در جیره دام تامین نماید. از این رو این آزمایش به منظور بررسی عمل‌آوری امواج الکترومغناطیس ماکروویو بر پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور نوع مرسوم (تجاری) بر رشد، فراسنجه‌های شکمبه، تولید پروتئین میکروبی و ابقا نیتروژن در بره‌های پرواری انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: تعداد 15 راس بره نر آمیخته دالاق با میانگین وزن 7/2±3/29 در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 3 تیمار غذایی و 5 تکرار استفاده شد. تیمارها شامل: 1- کنجاله سویا، 2- پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور، 3- پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور ماکروویو شده بودند. آزمایش 14 روز دوره عادات پذیری و برنامه‌های بهداشتی و 70 روز دوره پروار که هر 14 روز وزن کشی بوده است. خوراک دهی درساعات ساعت 7:00 و 19:00 انجام شد. مصرف خوراک روزانه، وزن اولیه، وزن نهایی اندازه‌کیری و ثبت گردید. اندازه‎گیری پروتئین میکروبی تولید شده در شکمبه از طریق تخمین مشتقات پورینی دفع شده بواسطه جمع آوری ادرار محاسبه گردید. در روز پایانی آزمایش سه ساعت بعد از خوراک دهی صبح با استفاده از لوله معدی و پمپ خلا مایع شکمبه گرفته شد. سپس از آن برای شمارش جمعیت باکتری و پروتوزوا، تعیین غلظت اسید های چرب فرار، تعیین غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی و pH مایع شکمبه استفاده گردید.
یافته‌ها: پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور ماکروویو شده در جیره بجای کنجاله سویا تفاوت معنی‌داری بر مقدار مصرف ماده خشک نداشته است. افزایش وزن روزانه و افزایش وزن کل دوره در تیمار پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور ماکروویو شده در مقابل تیمار بدون فراوری به ترتیب برابر 324/0 و 7/22 کیلوگرم در مقابل 277/0 و 4/19 کیلوگرم دارای تفاوت معنی‌داری و بهبود صفات بوده است (05/0P<). همجنین ضریب تبدیل و کارایی خوراک بین تیمار 3 و 2 به ترتیب برابر 446/7، 135/0 و 455/8، 119/0 است که اختلاف معنی‌دار در سطح 07/0P< و 08/0P< مشاهده گردید. بیشترین جمعیت باکتری‌ها (109×8/28 میلی‌لیتر) در تیمار کنجاله سویا مشاهده گردید که تفاوت معنی دار با سایر تیمارها داشت (05/0P<). اختلاف معنی‌دار بین تیمارها در جمعیت پروتوزوا دیده نشد. pH مایع شکمبه بین تیمار 1و 3 بترتیب 73/6 و 79/5 بوده است (05/0P<). غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی مایع شکمبه ببن تیمارها تفاوت معنی‌دار نداشته است. درصد استات، پروپیونات و نسبت استات به پروپیونات در تیمار پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور فرآوری شده به ترتیب یرابر 8/65، 8/18 و 5/3 بودکه برای صفات فوق نسبت به سایر تیمارها به ترتیب کمترین، بیشترین و کمترین می باشد و تفاوت معنی دار بوده است (05/0P<). اختلاف معنی داری در بین تیمارها در ساخت پروتئین میکروبی مشاهده نگردید. ابقا ظاهری نیتروژن در تیمار مایکروویو شده 129/27 گرم در روز بوده که اختلاف معنی‌دار با سایر تیمارها نداشته است و برای تیمار کنجاله سویا و تیمار پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور نوع مرسوم بترتیب کمترین (861/24 گرم در روز) و بیشترین (148/32 گرم در روز) بود(06/0>.(P
نتیجه‌گیری: این پژوهش نشان داد که تاثیر فراوری پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور از طریق مایکروویو بر صفات عملکرد رشد، بهتر از نوع بدون فراوری بوده است. جایگزینی پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور نوع مرسوم (تجاری) و نوع فراوری شده با مایکروویو با کنجاله سویا بر صفات عملکرد رشد اختلاف معنی‌دار نداشته است. همچنین جایگزینی ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور نوع مرسوم (تجاری) و نوع ماکروویو شده با کنجاله سویا در جیره بره‌های پروار بدون ایجاد شرایط نامطلوب بر فراسنجه‌های شکمبه‌ای و ابقا ظاهری نیتروژن می تواند تا 10 درصد ماده خشک جیره، جایگزین کنجاله سویا شود و سبب کاهش تقاضا برای کنجاله سویا و کاهش واردات گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Influence of microwave treated poultry byproduct meal on growth performance, rumen Parameters, microbial protein and nitrogen retention in dalagh fattening lambs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Kamali 1
  • Yadollah Chashnidel 2
  • Asadollah Teymouri yansari 3
  • Mokhtar Mohajer 1
1 scientific boards members of Animal Science Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran
2 Associate Prof. of Animal Science Faculty, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. sari .iran.
3 Professor of Animal Science Faculty , Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

Objective: The use of conventional feed sources in livestock diets has caused that in addition to increasing demand, prices and imports also increase. On the other hand, the use of feed industry residues and their processing can provide reliable sources of nutrients in livestock diets. Therefore, this experiment was performed to investigate the processing of microwave electromagnetic waves on poultry byproduct meal on growth performance, rumen parameters, microbial protein production and nitrogen retention in fattening lambs.
Materials and Methods: Fifteen mixed male lambs with an average weight of 29.3±2.7 were used in a completely randomized design with 3 feed treatments and 5 replications. Treatments include: 1- Soybean meal, 2- poultry byproduct meal, 3- Microwave poultry byproduct meal. The experiment consisted of 14 days of adaptation and 70 days of fattening. Weighing was done every 14 days. Feeding was done at 7:00 and 19:00. Daily feed intake, initial weight, final weight were measured and recorded. Measurement of microbial protein produced in the rumen was calculated by estimating purine derivatives excreted through urine collection. On the last day of the experiment, three hours after the morning feeding, ruminal fluids were taken using a stomach tube and a vacuum pump. Then it was used to calculate the population of bacteria and protozoa, to determine the concentration of volatile fatty acids using standard internal solution and gas chromatography, to determine the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and the pH of ruminal fluid.
Results: The use of microwave poultry byproduct meal in the diet instead of soybean meal in dry matter intake was not significantly different. Daily weight gain and total weight gain in microwave poultry byproduct meal treatment was against treatment of process without 324.3 and 22.7 kg versus 0.277 and 19.4 kg, respectively, with significant difference and improved traits (P <0.05). Also, feed conversion rate and feed efficiency between treatments 3 and 2 were 7.446, 0.135 and 8.455, 0.119, respectively, which showed a significant difference at the level of P <0.07 and P <0.08. The highest bacterial population (28.8*109 ml) was observed in soybean meal treatment and was significantly different from other treatments (P <0.05) but no significant difference was observed between treatments in protozoan population. Rumen pH between treatments 1 and 3 were 6.73 and 5.79 respectively (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in ammonia nitrogen concentration in ruminal fluid between treatments. The percentage of acetate, propionate and the ratio of acetate to propionate in treatment of processed poultry byproduct meal are 65.8, 18.8 and 3.5, respectively, which are the lowest, highest and lowest traits in comparison with other treatments, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in microbial protein production between treatments. The apparent nitrogen retention in the microwave treatment was 27.129 g / day which was not significantly different from other treatments and its lowest amount (24.861 g / day) was for soybean meal treatment and its highest amount was for conventional treatments with poultry byproduct meal was 32.148 g / day (P> 0.06).
Conclusion: This study showed that the effect of poultry byproduct meal processing by microwave method on growth performance traits was better than poultry byproduct meal without processing. Microwave replacement of conventional poultry byproduct meal with soybean meal did not differ significantly in growth performance traits. Also, replacing microwave and microwave poultry byproduct meal with soybean meal in the diet of fattening lambs without creating unfavorable conditions on rumen parameters and apparent nitrogen retention can replace soybean meal with up to 10% dry matter, reduce soybean meal demand and imports.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • growth performance
  • microbial protein
  • microwave
  • poultry byproduct meal
  • nitrogen retention

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 9، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 107-122

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