تاثیر استفاده از افزودنی‌های مختلف بر ترکیب شیمیایی، فراسنجه‌های تولید گاز و قابلیت هضم سیلاژ کنگر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد ، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس

2 استادیار ، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف:
مصرف گیاهان و علوفه‌های مرتعی و فرآورده‌های فرعی کشاورزی با کیفیت پایین در نشخوارکنندگان، به دلیل قابلیت هضم پایین و کمبود مواد مغذی نمی‌تواند عملکرد حیوان را حفظ کند. از این رو، به نظر یافتن منابع جدید خوراکی که ممکن است پتانسیل استفاده به عنوان خوراک دام را داشته باشند، ضروری می‌باشد. بنابراین، یک راه جهت کاستن از این کمبودها استفاده از علوفه‌های در حال رشد مانند کنگر می‌باشد. کنگر از مهمترین گیاهان مرتعی بوده که می‌تواند در تغذیه دام استفاده شود. کنگر گیاهی شناخته شده با ارزش تغذیه‌ای بالا بوده و قابلیت انخاب بالایی تسط حیوانات علفخوار دارد. به آب هوای سرد و خشک مقاوم بوده و در برابر تغییرات دمایی بسیار سازگار می‌باشد. این گیاه با توجه به این خصوصیات در بسیاری از مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک پراکنش داشته و می‌تواند در تغذی نشخارکنندگان مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد. لذا، هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر استفاده از افزودنی‌های مختلف بر ترکیب شیمیایی، خصوصیات تخمیری و مولفه‌های تولید گاز و قابلیت هضم سیلاژ کنگر در شرایط برون‌تنی بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: علوفه کنگر در مرحله گلدهی برداشت و توسط چاپر به قطعات حدود 4-3 سانتی‌متری خرد شد. گیاه کنگر جمع-آوری شده در سه تکرار در کیسه‌های پلاستیکی به صورت دستی فشرده و سیلو شدند. سیلوهای پر شده در دمای اتاق نگهداری و برای مدت 3، 7، 21 و 45 روز سیلو شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) سیلاژ کنگر (شاهد، بدون افزودنی)، 2) سیلاژ کنگر + افزودنی ملاس (5 درصد ماده خشک)، 3) سیلاژ کنگر + افزودنی اسید آلی (10 درصد ماده خشک)، 4) سیلاژ کنگر + افزودنی آرد جو (10 درصد ماده خشک) و 5) سیلاژ کنگر + افزودنی قصیل جو (20 درصد ماده خشک) بودند. بعد از سپری شدن زمان معین سیلو کردن، سیلوها باز و نمونه‌ها با هم مخلوط و در دمای 60 درجه سانتی‌گراد در آون به مدت 48 ساعت خشک شدند. ترکیب شیمیایی نمونه‌ها با استفاده از روش‌های استاندارد تعیین شد. به‌منظور برآورد فراسنجه‌های تولید گاز، از آزمون تولید گاز استفاده شد. قابلیت هضم برون‌تنی نمونه‌ها با استفاده از روش کشت بسته تعیین شد. داده‌ها توسط نرم افزار SAS تجزیه شدند. برای مقایسه میانگین‌ها از آزمون حداقل تفاوت معنی‌دار (LSD) استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که افزودنی‌های مختلف تاثیر معنی‌داری بر ترکیب شیمیایی سیلاژ کنگر داشت (‌05/0P<). از این نظر سیلاژ کنگر + آرد جو دارای ماده خشک و ماده آلی بالاتر بود. بین تیمارهای آزمایشی از نظر فراسنجه‌های تخمیری pH و نیتروژن آمونیاکی نیز اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت (‌05/0P<). از این لحاظ تیمار سیلاژ دارای افزودنی ملاس از pH پایین‌تری برخوردار بود. از نظر پایداری هوازی سیلاژهای حاوی افزودنی اسید آلی بالاترین (42 ساعت) و سیلاژهای دارای افزودنی قصیل جو پایین‌ترین (5/31 ساعت) پایداری هوازی را داشتند. در بین تیمارها از نظر پارامترهای تولید گاز اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت‌ (‌05/0P<) و تیمار دارای افزودنی آرد جو در روز 3 پس از سیلو، بالاترین مقدار پتانسیل تولید گاز، قابلیت هضم ماده آلی و اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر را داشت. قابلیت هضم ماده خشک و ماده آلی در میان تیمارهای مختلف معنی‌دار بود (05/0P<). سیلاژ شاهد روز 7 پس از سیلو دارای بالاترین میزان عامل تفکیک و بازده تولید توده میکروبی بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از افزودنی‌های مختلف در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد تأثیر قابل ملاحظه‌ای بر ارزش تغذیه‌ای سیلاژ کنگر داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different additives on chemical composition, fermentation parameters, digestibility and gas production of Gundelia tournefortii silage

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoud aiubifar 1
  • AshoorMohammad Gharehbash 2
  • Javad Bayat 2
  • Fariba Farivar 2
1 Gonbad-kavoos University
2 َAssistant Prof., Dept. of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and natural Resources, Gonbad-kavoos University
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and objectives: Intake of poor quality plants of rangelands and pasture grasses and agriculture by products by ruminants is usually low to maintain animal performance because of their poor digestibility and nutrient deficiency. So, it seems essential to explore new feed resources, which may have potential as an animal feedstuff. So, one possible way to reduce this alimentary deficit is to use of naturally growing forages including Gundelia tournefortii (G. tournefortii). G. tournefortii is one of the most important rangeland plants that can be used to feed livestock. G. tournefortii are known to be a plant with high nutritional value and water content, and are therefore likely to be highly selective for consumption by native herbivores. It is very resistant to cold and dry weather and tolerates high temperature changes. Therefore, due to their diversity, they are able to propagate in large ecological areas and can be dry and semi-arid areas, often as part of forage and even a relatively good source of protein for ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding different additives on chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, gas production and digestibility parameters of G. tournefortii silage in a completely randomized design.
Materials and methods: Whole forage Gundelia tournefortii were harvested and chopped with a conventional forage harvester under farm condition to length of 3-4 cm. Representative of Gundelia tournefortii forage samples were packed manually, in triplicate into plastic bags. The filled silos were stored at ambient temperature and allowed to ensile for 3, 7, 21 and 45 days. The following treatments were: 1) Gundelia tournefortii silage without any additives (control), 2) control + molasses (5% of DM), 3) control + organic acid (1% of DM), 4) control + barley meal (10% of DM) and 5) control + barley silage (20% of DM). After designated ensiling times, silos were opened and the ensiled forage was mixed thoroughly and then were dried at a 60°C in oven for 48 h and then ground to pass through a 2 mm screen for later analysis.
Results: Results showed that different additives had effect on chemical composition of G. tournefortii silage significantly (p<0.05). Treatment G. tournefortii + barley meal had highest dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) content compared with others. Fermentation characteristics of silage were affected by different additives (p<0.05) and G. tournefortii treated with molasses had lowest pH. The highest and lowest aerobic stability was observed in organic acid treated silage (42 h) and barley treated silage (31/5), respectively. There were significantly differences among treatments on gas production parameters (P<0.05) and barley meal treated silage (on day 3) had highest gas production potential, organic matter digestibility (OMD) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA). In vitro digestibility of DM and OM were affected by additives (P<0.05). Treatment control (on day 7) had highest partitioning factor, and microbial crud protein efficiency.
Conclusions: Overall, these results indicated that in vitro gas production and digesibilty of G. tournefortii silage were improved by the application of molasses and barley silage as additive and its aerobic stability was improved by using acis asetic.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Different Additives
  • Chemical Composition
  • Gas Production
  • Digestibility in Vitro
  • Gundelia tournefortii silage
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