تاثیر نوع فرآوری و سطح دانه کتان بر قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و فراسنجه‌های خونی و ایمنی گوساله‌های شیرخوار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل دکتری، گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 استاد ، گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 استادیار ، گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: محصولات کتان (بذر و کنجاله) یکی از منابع انرژی و پروتئین برای نشخوارکنندگان محسوب می‌شوند. کتان گیاهی است روغنـی کـه دانـه آن 45-40 درصـد روغـن و 30-23 درصد پروتئین دارد. علاوه بر استخراج روغن، کنجاله آن مـی-توانـد بـه عنوان یک منبع پروتئینی در جیـره غـذایی دام اسـتفاده گـردد. اگر چه دانه کتان منبع بسیار ارزان و قابل دسترسی برای امگا- 3 است، بیش از 50 درصد اسیدهای چرب آن از اسید چرب آلفا‌لینولنیک است، ولی به دلیل وجود ترکیبات ضدتغذیه‌ای، در سطوح بالا قابل استفاده نیست. فرآوری دانه کتان باعث می‌شود مصرف مواد مغذی را بهبود بخشیده و در عین حال تاثیر منفی مواد ضد تغذیه‌ای نظیر لیناتین را کاهش داده و باعث خوش‌خوراکی خوراک گردد. این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تاثیر نوع فرآوری و سطح دانه کتان بر قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و فراسنجه‌های خونی و ایمنی گوساله‌های شیرخوار صورت پذیرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور بررسی تاثیر نوع فرآوری و سطح دانه کتان بر قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و فراسنجه‌های خونی و ایمنی گوساله‌های شیرخوار، از20 راس گوساله نر نژاد هلشتاین شیرخوار تازه متولد شده که وزن اولیه آنها 5/4±41 کیلوگرم بود، استفاده شد. این آزمایش در قالب طرح فاکتوریل 2×2 با 4 تیمار و 5 تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل: 1- تیمار حاوی 5 درصد کتان میکرونیزه، 2- تیمار حاوی 10 درصد کتان میکرونیزه، 3- تیمار حاوی 5 درصد کتان اکسترود و 4- تیمار حاوی 10 درصد کتان اکسترود بودند. جیره‌ها به‌صورت پلت در اختیار گوساله‌ها قرار گرفت. کل دوره آزمایشی 60 روز بود که شامل 14 روز عادت‌پذیری بود. نمونه‌های خوراک و مدفوع در 5 روز آخر دوره از هر تیمار به منظور تعیین قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی جمع‌آوری گردید. در روز آخر آزمایش نمونه‌گیری از خون هر یک از تیمارها جهت تعیین فراسنجه‌های خونی و ایمنی انجام گرفت.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده از این آزمایش سطوح مختلف دانه فرآوری شده تاثیر معنی‌داری بر قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، ماده آلی، پروتئین خام، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی و چربی خام داشت (05/0p <) به‌طوریکه بیشترین قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی متعلق به تیمارهای حاوی 10 درصد کتان اکسترود و 10 درصد کتان میکرونیزه بود. همچنین تیمارهای آزمایشی تاثیر معنی‌داری بر ازت اوره‌ای خون داشت (05/0p <) ولی سایر فراسنجه‌های خونی و ایمنی از جمله کلسترول، تری گلیسیرید، گلوکز، پروتئین تام، آلبومین، لیپوپروتئین‌های با چگالی زیاد ، لیپوپروتئین‌های با چگالی کم ، لیپوپروتئین‌های با چگالی بسیار کم ، ایمونوگلوبین نوع G، تعداد گلبول‌های سفید، نوتروفیل‌ها، لمفوسیت‌ها، مونوسیت‌ها و نسبت نوتروفیل به لمفوسیت تحت تاثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت (05/0< p).
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به اینکه نتایج این آزمایش نشان می‌دهد استفاده از دانه کتان فرآوری شده در سطح 10 درصد باعث بهبود قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی می‌شود، می‌توان از دانه کتان اکسترود در سطح 10 درصد به عنوان منبع انرژی و پروتئین در جیره گوساله-های شیرخوار استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Influence of processing type and level of flaxseed on the nutrient digestibility and blood parameters and safety of infant calves

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Hosseinabadi 1
  • Nor Mohammad Torbati nejad 2
  • Taghi Ghoorchi 2
  • Abdolhakim Toghdory 3
1
2 Professor Dept. of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Gorgan University
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Flax products (seeds and meal) are one of the sources of energy and protein for ruminants. Flaxseed is an vegetable oil that contains 45-40% of oil and 23-30% of protein. In addition to extracting oil, its meal can be used as a protein source in animal feed diets. Although flaxseed is a very inexpensive and affordable source of omega-3s, more than 50 percent of its fatty acids are made from alpha-linolenic acid, but it cannot be used at high levels due to its anti-nutritional properties. Flaxseed processing improves nutrient consumption while reducing the negative effects of anti-nutritional substances such as lintine and makes food more palatable. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of processing type and level of flaxseed on the nutrient digestibility and blood parameters and safety of infant calves.

Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of processing type and flaxseed level on the digestibility of nutrients and blood parameters and safety of infant calves, was used from 20 newborn Holstein male (with an initial weight of 41±5.4 kg). This experiment was performed in the form of a 2 × 2 factorial design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Treatments included: 1- Treatments containing 5% micronized flaxseed, 2- Treatment containing 10% micronized flaxseed, 3- Treatment containing 5% extruded flaxseed and 4- Treatment containing 10% extruded flaxseed. The rations were provided to calves as pellets and were adjusted. The entire trial period was 60 days, including 14 days of habituation. Feed and fecal samples were collected in the last 5 days of each treatment period to determine nutrient digestibility. On the last day of the blood test, each of the treatments was performed to determine blood and immune parameters. Flaxseed replaced corn and soybean meal in the starter diet. Given that the effect of treatments on the amount of dry matter, daily weight gain, final weight of calves and also due to improved digestibility of nutrients was not significant, It is recommended to use flaxseed in the diet of infant calves at the level of 5% as a source of energy and protein.
Results: Based on the results of this experiment, different levels of processed grains had a significant effect on the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, insoluble fiber in neutral detergent, insoluble fiber in acidic detergent and crude fat (P <0.05). so that the highest digestibility of nutrients belonged to treatments containing 10% extruded flax and 10% micronized flaxseed. Also Experimental treatments also had a significant effect on blood urea nitrogen (P <0.05), but other blood and immune supplements such as cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, crude protein, albumin, HDL, LDL, VLDL, IGG, and the number of blood cells White, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes were not affected by experimental treatments (P <0.05).

Conclusion: Considering that the results of this experiment show that using processed flaxseed at the 10% level improves the digestibility of nutrients, We can use 10% extruded flaxseed as a source of energy and protein in the diets of infants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flaxseed Processing
  • Nutrient digestibility
  • Blood and immune parameters
  • Infant Calf

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 9، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 19-38

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