تأثیر منابع روی بر پروتئین میکروبی، ایمنوگلوبولین‌ها (M و A)، و فراسنجه‌های نیتروژنی خون گوساله‌های هلشتاین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

2 استادیار تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان، عضو هیأت علمی گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران.

3 استاد موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی، کرج

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: روی در موارد زیادی مانند فعالیت میکروبی شکمبه، ایمنی و متابولیت‌های خون نقش دارد، اما اطلاعات کافی درباره تأثیر شکل‌های نانو و آلی مکمل روی بر تولید پروتئین میکروبی در شکمبه و صفات ایمنی در گوساله وجود ندارد. بنابراین، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر کاربرد نانواکسید روی و متیونین روی به جای اکسید روی (در سطح برابر یا دو برابر توصیه NRC، 2001) بر مشتقات پورینی ادرار، پروتئین میکروبی، ایمنوگلوبولین‌ها و ترکیبات نیتروژنی خون گوساله‌ها در دوره پیش و پس از شیرگیری انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: 60 رأس گوساله شیرخوار هلشتاین در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در یکی از شش گروه آزمایشی (10 تکرار) قرار گرفتند. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از: جیره حاوی 1- اکسید روی در سطح توصیه NRC، 2- متیونین روی در سطح توصیه NRC، 3- نانواکسید روی در سطح توصیه NRC، 4- اکسید روی دو برابر توصیه NRC، 5- متیونین روی دو برابر توصیه NRC، و 6- نانواکسید روی دو برابر توصیه NRC. طی سنین هفت تا 30 روزگی، گوساله‌ها با شیر و کنسانتره آغازین در قالب تیمارهای بالا تغذیه شدند. از سن 31 تا 70 روزگی، شیر و مخلوط یونجه-کنسانتره آغازین (نسبت 10 به 90) در اختیار حیوانات قرار گرفت. در سن 70 روزگی از شیرگیری انجام شد و در دوره پس از شیرگیری (71 تا 100 روزگی)، گوساله‌ها صرفاً با جیره‌های آزمایشی (نسبت یونجه و کنسانتره آغازین 20 به 80) تا حد اشتها تغذیه شدند. مقادیر مشتقات پورینی ادرار، تولید نیتروژن میکروبی، گلوبولین کل، ایمنوگلوبولین‌های M و A، پروتئین کل، آلبومین، نیتروژن اوره‌ای، کراتینین و گلوکز خون در دوره پیش و پس از شیرگیری تعیین گردید و داده‌ها در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل (2 × 3) با استفاده از رویه MIXED نرم‌افزار SAS (2001) تجزیه شد.
یافته‌ها: مشتقات پورینی ادرار و تولید نیتروژن میکروبی در دوره‌های پیش و پس از شیرگیری تحت تأثیر جایگزینی اکسید روی با نانواکسید روی و متیونین روی قرار نگرفت. شکل شیمیایی روی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر غلظت گلوبولین کل و ایمنوگلوبولین‌های M و A خون نداشت. پروتئین کل، آلبومین، نیتروژن اوره‌ای، کراتینین و گلوکز خون بین گوساله‌های تغذیه‌شده با مکمل‌های روی معدنی، نانو یا آلی یکسان بود. به‌علاوه، افزایش غلظت روی در جیره تأثیری بر مشتقات پورینی ادرار، تولید نیتروژن میکروبی، گلوبولین کل، ایمنوگلوبولین‌های M و A، پروتئین کل، آلبومین، نیتروژن اوره‌ای، کراتینین و گلوکز خون نداشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: مصرف نانواکسید روی و متیونین روی به جای اکسید روی و همچنین افزایش سطح روی در جیره، تأثیری بر تولید پروتئین میکروبی، ایمنوگلوبولین‌های M و A، ترکیبات نیتروژنی و گلوکز خون در گوساله‌ها ندارد. بنابراین، تغذیه شکل مرسوم روی معدنی (اکسید روی) در سطح توصیه NRC برای تأمین نیاز گوساله‌های هلشتاین در دوره‌های پیش و پس از شیرگیری کافی است و منابع دیگر توصیه نمی‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Zn sources on microbial protein, immunoglobulins (M and A) and blood N parameters of Holstein calves

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojtaba Abdollahi 1
  • Javad Rezaei 2
  • Hassan Fazaeli 3
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
2 Academic Staff at Dept. of Animal Science (Ruminant Nutrition), Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University
3 Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Zinc has a role in many cases such as rumen microbial activity, immunity, and blood metabolites. But, there is no sufficient information on the effect of nano and organic Zn supplements on microbial protein synthesis and immunity variables in Holstein calves. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the effect of using nano-ZnO and Zn-methionine instead of ZnO (equal to or twice NRC 2001-recommended level) on urinary purine derivatives, microbial protein, immunoglobulins and nitrogenous compounds of the blood in pre- and post-weaning calves.
Materials and methods: Sixty suckling Holstein calves were assigned into one of the 6 experimental groups (10 replications) in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments were the diets containing: 1- ZnO equal to NRC recommendation, 2- Zn-methionine equal to NRC recommendation, 3- nano-ZnO equal to NRC recommendation, 4- ZnO twice NRC recommendation, 5- Zn-methionine twice NRC recommendation, and 6- nano-ZnO twice NRC recommendation. During 7 to 30 days of age, the calves were fed with milk and starter concentrate according to the above treatments. From days 31 to 70, milk and mixed alfalfa-starter (at the ratio of 10:90) were provided for the calves. Weaning was done at 70 days of age and during post-weaning period (71 to 100 days of age), the calves were freely fed with experimental diets (alfalfa and starter concentrate at the ratio of 20:80). During pre- and post-weaning periods, the urinary purine derivatives, microbial N synthesis, total globulin, IgM, IgG, total protein, albumin, urea-N, creatinine and glucose of the blood were determined. Data were analyzed in a factorial experiment (3×2) using PROC MIXED of SAS (2001).
Results: Urinary purine derivatives and microbial N synthesis were not affected by replacing ZnO with nano-ZnO and Zn-methionine during pre- and post-weaning periods. Zinc chemical form had no significant effect on the blood concentrations of total globulin, IgM and IgA. Total protein, albumin, urea-N, creatinine and glucose in the blood of the calves fed with inorganic, nano or organic Zn supplements were the same. Moreover, increasing Zn level in the diet had no effect on urinary purine derivatives, microbial N synthesis, total globulin, IgM, IgA, total protein, urea-N, creatinine and glucose.
Conclusion: Using nano-ZnO and Zn-methionine instead of ZnO and also the increasing dietary Zn level had no effect on microbial protein synthesis, IgM, IgA, nitrogenous compounds and glucose in the blood of the calves. Thus, feeding the conventional inorganic Zn source (ZnO) at the NRC-recommended level was sufficient to supply the calves’ requirement during pre- and post-weaning periods and the other sources are not recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calves
  • Zn-methionine
  • Nano-ZnO
  • Immunity
  • Microbial protein

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 7، شماره 2
شهریور 1398
صفحه 17-32

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