نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قم، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، قم، ایران.
2 بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران.
3 موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
4 موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
5 بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استا
6 کارشناس اداره امور عشایری استان قم، قم ، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and Objective:
Conducting ecological studies and breeding capacity assessment on various livestock species, including camels, helps in proper planning and optimal utilization of the genetic capacity of native populations. In Qom province, there are currently approximately 8,000 camels being bred, and this province has a prominent position in the maintenance and breeding of single-humped camels and even dromedaries in the country, and in this respect, it is among the 10 leading provinces in the country. However, no study has been conducted to determine the status of native camel breeding. Therefore, with the aim of identifying and introducing the demographic indicators, racial identity, and production and reproductive performance of the indigenous camel population of Qom province and in order to plan the necessary to increase the production and economic efficiency of camel breeding herds, the present study was conducted in cooperation with the Deputy for Improving Livestock Production and the Nomadic Affairs Department of Qom province.
Materials and Methods:
The study population included all camel herders in Qom province. Based on the information provided by the Deputy for Improving Livestock Production, 36 herds out of a total of 181 camel herds in different parts of Qom province were visited in person. Herd identity information such as breed type, number of animals, age composition, sex ratio, nutritional management, health management, breeding system, determination of herd purity or non-purity status, as well as direct records of herd production and reproductive performance were collected over a 2-year period (from 2022 to 2024). After initial editing, it was analyzed using the descriptive procedure of SPSS (18) software, and the results were presented in the form of tables, graphs, and selected images along with an analysis of the status of the province's camel herds regarding the indicators under study.
Findings:
The results showed that all the camel farmers studied use the semi-open or captive method for raising camels and on average the herds spend 28.59±0.8 months of the year in the pasture. The Kolkohi camel is the dominant breed among the camel population of the province with a frequency of 90.07%, and the rest are mixed camels resulting from the crossing of Bactrian camels and Kolkohi or pure Bactrian camels. The herd size has increased from an average of 41.33±65.74 to 89.79±56.35 in the past 10 years, and the camel population in Qom province has more than doubled during this period. The average birth weight, 6-month weight, and 1-year weight of female Kalkohi camels were estimated to be 32.44; 118.14 and 179.28 kg, and for male camles were 38.40, 134.02 and 201.06 kg, respectively. The average daily milk production of camels was estimated to be 2.85±0.66 kg/day and their fleece weight was estimated to be 1.57±0.32 kg/year. The male and female camels’ abundance in the studied herds were 5.78±1.50 and 62.59±10.43% ,respectively. The calving percentage of camel herds was 44.72±8.06% and the interval between two their consecutive calvings was estimated to be 23.66±1.49 months. The frequency of deaths before one year of age and deaths of adult camels was estimated to be 34.90±5.66 and 2.31±1.81 percent, respectively.
Conclusion:
Low reproductive efficiency of the herd, excessive losses of camel calves, uncontrolled mixing of dromedary camels with Bactrian camels, and lack of pastures to provide camel feed are considered to be the most important challenges of camel husbandry in Qom province. To overcome these problems, firstly, it is recommended that the genetic conservation program of Kalohi camels is planed and then the improving program of reproduction efficiency of camel herds is developed in cooperation of agricultural -jahad organization and camel breeders of Qom province.
کلیدواژهها [English]
)