بررسی جایگزینی کنجاله سویا با کنجاله کاملینا (تخمیری و غیر تخمیری) در جیره بره‌های پرواری: تأثیر بر فراسنجه‌های عملکرد رشد و تخمیر شکمبه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه،ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 کارشناس آزمایشگاه تغذیه ، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

10.22069/ejrr.2025.24052.2023

چکیده

سابقه و هدف : پروتئین یکی از مهم‌ترین و پرهزینه‌ترین مواد مغذی مورد استفاده برای نشخوارکنندگان است. با توجه به محدودیت‌های ایران در تولید دانه‌های روغنی و کنجاله‌های پروتئینی، تأمین نیاز پروتئینی دام با مشکلات بسیاری همراه است. کنجاله سویا بهترین کنجاله پروتئینی است که امروزه در خوراک دام و طیور استفاده می‌شود، اما قیمت آن در مقایسه با سایر کنجاله‌ها بیشتر است. کنجاله کاملینا نیز یکی از کنجاله‌های پروتئینی است که می‌تواند گزینه مناسبی برای جایگزینی کنجاله سویا در تغذیه دام باشد. لذا، این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اثر جایگزینی کنجاله سویا با کنجاله کاملینا (تخمیر شده و تخمیر نشده) بر عملکرد رشد و برخی فراسنجه‌های تخمیر شکمبه‌ای بره‌های پرواری انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تیمار آزمایشی و هشت تکرار در هر تیمار (24 رأس بره) چهار تا حدود شش ماهه با میانگین وزن ٥±٥/٣٤ به مدت 80 روز انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل جیره شاهد (کنجاله سویا)، جیره حاوی کنجاله کاملینای تخمیر شده و کنجاله کاملینای تخمیر نشده بودند. برای تخمیر کاملینا از قارچ تریکودرما رسی (PTCC 5142) استفاده شد. آزمون تولید گاز 24 ساعته برای برآورد قابلیت هضم ماده آلی، انرژی متابولیسمی و بازده توده میکروبی انجام شد. در پایان آزمایش، برای اندازه‌گیری برخی فراسنجه‌های تخمیر شکمبه مانند pH، غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی، اسیدهای چرب و تعداد جمعیت تک یاخته‌ها، نمونه مایع شکمبه بره‌ها، از طریق سوند مری جمع آوری شد. در طول دوره آزمایش، مصرف خوراک روزانه، افزایش وزن روزانه بره‌ها و ضریب تبدیل خوراک اندازه‌گیری شد. هزینه صرف شده برای هر یک کیلوگرم افزایش وزن در طول دوره پروار بر اساس شاخص اقتصادی تعیین شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از رویه GLM نرم‌افزار آماری SAS (2005) تجزیه آماری شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که جایگزینی کنجاله سویا با کنجاله کاملینای تخمیری و غیر تخمیری تأثیر معنی‌داری بر فراسنجه‌های رشد و مصرف خوراک نداشت. همچنین، pH شکمبه، نیتروژن آمونیاکی، اسیدهای چرب فرار کل و جمعیت کل پروتوزوآ تحت تأثیر جایگزینی کنجاله‌ها قرار نگرفت، هرچند جمعیت انتودینینه در گروه‌های آزمایشی حاوی کنجاله کاملینا افزایش یافت (05/0>P). در بره‌های دریافت‌کننده کنجاله کاملینا (تخمیری و غیرتخمیری)، غلظت پروپیونات در شکمبه بیشتر و نسبت استات به پروپیونات کمتر از گروه شاهد بود (05/0>P). تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری در تولید گاز 24 ساعته بین تیمارهای آزمایشی مشاهده نشد. قابلیت هضم ماده آلی، انرژی متابولیسمی برآورد شده، عامل تفکیک و بازده توده میکروبی تفاوتی در گروه‌های مختلف آزمایشی نداشتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که جایگزینی کنجاله سویا با کنجاله کاملینای تخمیری و غیر تخمیری اثرات نامطلوبی بر عملکرد رشد و ماده خشک مصرفی بره‌های پرواری نداشت و با توجه به نیار آبی کشت و قیمت کمتر می‌تواند به عنوان یک منبع پروتئینی مقرون به صرفه در جیره غذایی بره‌های پرواری مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Replacing Soybean Meal with Fermented Camelina Meal (and Non-Fermented) in the Diet on Performance, Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Fattening Lamb

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Allameh sadr 1
  • Mohammad Mahdi Moeni 2
  • Fardeen Hozhabri 2
  • Somayeh Mirzaei cheshmeh gachi 3
1 Ph.D, student, Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Lab. staff of Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objective: Protein is one of the most important and expensive nutrients used in ruminant feeding. Due to Iran’s limitations in producing oilseeds and protein meals, meeting the protein requirements of livestock faces considerable challenges. Soybean meal is currently the most common and high-quality protein source in animal and poultry diets; however, its cost is higher than other meals. Camelina meal is another protein source that could be a potential alternative to soybean meal in livestock feeding. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with fermented and unfermented camelina meal on growth performance and some ruminal fermentation parameters of fattening lambs.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three dietary treatments and eight replications per treatment, using 24 lambs aged four to six months with an average initial body weight of 34.5 ± 5 kg over a period of 80 days. The experimental treatments included: (1) control diet containing soybean meal, (2) diet containing fermented camelina meal, and (3) diet containing unfermented camelina meal. Fermentation of camelina meal was performed using Trichoderma reesei (PTCC 5142). A 24-hour gas production assay was used to estimate organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, and microbial biomass yield. At the end of the experiment, rumen fluid samples were collected via esophageal tubing to determine pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and protozoal population. During the experimental period, daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio were measured. The economic efficiency index was calculated based on the cost per kilogram of body weight gain. Data were analysed using the GLM procedure of SAS software (2005).
Results: The results indicated that replacing soybean meal with fermented or unfermented camelina meal had no significant effect on growth performance or feed intake (P > 0.05). Similarly, ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration, total volatile fatty acids, and total protozoal count were not affected by the treatments, although the population of Entodiniomorph protozoa increased in lambs fed camelina meal diets (P < 0.05). In lambs receiving fermented and unfermented camelina meal, ruminal propionate concentration increased while the acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed among treatments in 24-hour gas production, estimated organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, partitioning factor, or microbial biomass yield.
Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that partial or complete replacement of soybean meal with fermented or unfermented camelina meal had no adverse effects on growth performance or feed intake of fattening lambs. Considering its lower cost and reduced water requirement for cultivation, camelina meal can be recommended as a suitable and sustainable protein source in fattening lamb diets.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Camelina
  • Growth performance
  • Protozoa
  • Trichoderma
  • Volatile fatty acids

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 14، شماره 1
خرداد 1405
صفحه 159-175

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