نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 1- دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، ، دانشگاه راز ی ، کرمانشاه ،ایران
2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه رازی
3 3- دانشیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه ،ایران
4 4- کارشناس ازمایشگاه تغذیه گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی ، کرمانشاه ،ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Protein is one of the most important and expensive nutrients used in ruminant feeding. Due to Iran’s limitations in producing oilseeds and protein meals, meeting the protein requirements of livestock faces considerable challenges. Soybean meal is currently the most common and high-quality protein source in animal and poultry diets; however, its cost is higher than other meals. Camelina meal is another protein source that could be a potential alternative to soybean meal in livestock feeding. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with fermented and unfermented camelina meal on growth performance and some ruminal fermentation parameters of fattening lambs.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three dietary treatments and eight replications per treatment, using 24 lambs aged four to six months with an average initial body weight of 34.5 ± 5 kg over a period of 80 days. The experimental treatments included: (1) control diet containing soybean meal, (2) diet containing fermented camelina meal, and (3) diet containing unfermented camelina meal. Fermentation of camelina meal was performed using Trichoderma reesei (PTCC 5142). A 24-hour gas production assay was used to estimate organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, and microbial biomass yield. At the end of the experiment, rumen fluid samples were collected via esophageal tubing to determine pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and protozoal population. During the experimental period, daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio were measured. The economic efficiency index was calculated based on the cost per kilogram of body weight gain. Data were analysed using the GLM procedure of SAS software (2005).
Results: The results indicated that replacing soybean meal with fermented or unfermented camelina meal had no significant effect on growth performance or feed intake (P > 0.05). Similarly, ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration, total volatile fatty acids, and total protozoal count were not affected by the treatments, although the population of Entodiniomorph protozoa increased in lambs fed camelina meal diets (P < 0.05). In lambs receiving fermented and unfermented camelina meal, ruminal propionate concentration increased while the acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed among treatments in 24-hour gas production, estimated organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, partitioning factor, or microbial biomass yield.
Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that partial or complete replacement of soybean meal with fermented or unfermented camelina meal had no adverse effects on growth performance or feed intake of fattening lambs. Considering its lower cost and reduced water requirement for cultivation, camelina meal can be recommended as a suitable and sustainable protein source in fattening lamb diets.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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