اثر جایگزینی سیلاژ ذرت با سیلاژ چغندر علوفه‌ای بر فراسنجه‌های تخمیر در شکمبه، اندازه ذرات جیره و رفتار جویدن در گاوهای شیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهشی ، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران،

2 دانش‌آموخته علوم دامی، گروه علوم دام، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار پژوهشی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران،

10.22069/ejrr.2025.23920.2019

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: با توجه به تغییرات اقلیمی و کاهش تولید علوفه در کشور، انجام تحقیقات به‌منظور یافتن جایگزین مناسب برای علوفه‌های رایج در تغذیه گاوهای شیری ضروری می‌باشد. چغندر علوفه‌ای به‌دلیل خصوصیات خوب تغذیه‌ای و همچنین مقاومت به شرایط محیطی در سال‌های اخیر به‌عنوان یک جایگزین مناسب در تغذیه دام معرفی شده است. با این حال، تحقیقی در زمینه بررسی اثر جایگزینی علوفه‌های رایج با چغندر علوفه‌ای بر ویژگی‌های خوراک، عملکرد رفاه دام و فراسنجه‌های شکمبه انجام نشده است. این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی اثر جایگزینی سیلاژ ذرت با سیلاژ چغندر علوفه‌ای (علوفه پاییزه) بر فراسنجه‌های تخمیر در شکمبه و بررسی رفتار جویدن در گاوهای شیری انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: چغندر علوفه‌ای در بهار برداشت و سپس سیلو شد. پس از گذشت 60 روز، آزمایش در قالب طرح چرخشی با دو تیمار شامل: 1) جیره سیلاژ چغندر علوفه‌ای و 2) جیره سیلاژ ذرت و 10 تکرار (گاو شیری) در دو دوره 30 روزه انجام شد. نمونه‌برداری از جیره‌ها به‌منظور بررسی اندازه قطعات جیره با استفاده از الک استاندارد پنسیلوانیا در روزهای 24 تا30 هر دوره آزمایش انجام شد. رفتار جویدن گاوها شامل فعالیت خوردن، نشخوار و استراحت فک در هر دوره ثبت شد و به‌منظور بررسی فراسنجه‌های تخمیر در شکمبه نمونه‌برداری از مایع شکمبه در روز آخر هر دوره انجام شد. pH نمونه‌های شکمبه بلافاصله بعد از دریافت اندازه‌گیری شد و سپس نمونه‌برداری از مایع شکمبه برای اندازه‌گیری نیتروژن آمونیاکی، اسیدهای چرب فرار و بررسی جمعیت پروتوزوآ انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: جایگزینی سیلاژ ذرت با سیلاژ چغندر علوفه‌ای باعث افزایش مقدار ترکیبات باقی‌مانده در الک 19 (01/0>P) و 4 (019/0=P) میلی‌متر، کاهش الیاف مؤثر فیزیکی، کاهش فعالیت خوردن، نشخوار و تولید بزاق روزانه شد (01/0>P). همچنین، مدت زمان استراحت فک در دام‌های تغذیه شده با سیلاژ چغندر علوفه‌ای بالاتر بود (01/0>P). از طرفی استفاده از سیلاژ چغندر علوفه‌ای در جیره باعث کاهش pH، استیک اسید و جمعیت پروتوزوآ شد (01/0>P). مقدار اسید پروپیونیک و اسیدهای چرب فرار کل در تیمار سیلاژ چغندر علوفه‌ای بالاتر بود (01/0>P). تولید نیتروژن آمونیاکی و گونه‌های پروتوزوآیی انتودینیوم و ایزوتریشیا در تیمار سیلاژ ذرت در مقایسه با سیلاژ چغندر علوفه‌ای بیشتر بود (01/0>P).
نتیجه‌گیری: در مجموع، نتایج نشان دادند که استفاده از 25 درصد سیلاژ چغندر علوفه‌ای در جیره گاوهای شیری اثر منفی بر عملکرد دام نداشت و با توجه به روند تغییرات فراسنجه‌های شکمبه، جیره سیلاژ چغندر علوفه‌ای به‌دلیل تولید بالاتر پروپیونیک اسید و کاهش جمعیت پروتوزوآ دارای عملکرد بهتر نسبت به سیلاژ ذرت بود. استفاده از سیلاژ چغندر علوفه‌ای در سطح 25 درصد بخش علوفه‌ای جیره به‌منظور تغذیه گاوهای شیری پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of replacing corn silage with fodder beet silage on rumen fermentation parameters, diet particle size, and chewing behavior in dairy cows

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Khamisabadi 1
  • Alireza Ashkvari 2
  • Alireza Aghashahi 3
1 Associate Professor, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Graduate student of Animal Science, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran Iran,
3 Associate Professor, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran,
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and objective: Due to climate change and the decline in forage production in the country, it is necessary to conduct research to find suitable alternatives to common forages in dairy cow feeding. Fodder beet has been introduced as a suitable alternative in livestock nutrition in recent years due to its good nutritional properties and resistance to environmental conditions. However, no research has been conducted to investigate the effect of replacing common forages with fodder beet on feed characteristics, animal welfare performance, and rumen parameters. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of replacing corn silage with fodder beet silage (autumn forage) on rumen fermentation parameters and chewing behavior in dairy cows.
Mateials and methods: Fodder beet was harvested in spring and then ensiled. After 60 days, the experiment was conducted in a carryover design with two treatments: 1) fodder beet silage diet and 2) corn silage diet and 10 replications (dairy cows) in two 30-day periods. Diets were sampled to determine the particle size of the diet using a Pennsylvania standard sieve on days 24 to 30 of each experimental period. The chewing behavior of the cows including eating, rumination, and resting jaw activity was recorded in each period, and rumen fluid was sampled on the last day of each period to determine the fermentation parameters in the rumen. The pH of the rumen samples was measured immediately after receipt, and then rumen fluid sampling was performed to measure ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids, and examine the protozoan population.
Results: Replacing corn silage with fodder beet silage increased the amount of residual compounds in the 19 (P<0.01) and 4 (P=0.019) mm sieve, decreased physical effective fiber, decreased eating activity, rumination, and daily saliva production (P<0.01). Also, resting jaw time was longer in animals fed fodder beet silage (P<0.01). On the other hand, the use of fodder beet silage in the diet reduced pH, acetic acid, and protozoa population (P<0.01). The amount of propionic acid and total volatile fatty acids were higher in the fodder beet silage treatment (P<0.01). Ammonia nitrogen production and protozoan species Entodiniinae and Isotrichidae were higher in corn silage treatment compared to fodder beet silage (P<0.01).
Conclution: Overall, the results showed that using 25% of fodder beet silage in the diet of dairy cows did not have a negative effect on livestock performance, and according to the trend of changes in rumen parameters, fodder beet silage diet had better performance than corn silage due to higher propionic acid production and reduced protozoa population. The use of fodder beet silage at a level of 25% in the forage portion is recommended for feeding dairy cows.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Volatile fatty acids
  • protozoa
  • alternative forage
  • dairy cow
  • rumination

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 14، شماره 1
خرداد 1405
صفحه 105-122

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