اثرات جایگزینی دانه جو با خوراک گلوتن ذرت و تفاله چغندرقند در جیره گاوهای شیرده پر تولید هلشتاین بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و تولید شیر

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد ، دانشیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 استادیار ، دانشجوی دکتری بخش علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران،

3 استادیار، دانشجوی دکتری بخش علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران،

10.22069/ejrr.2025.23862.2016

چکیده

چچکیده
سابقه و هدف: با توجه به اهمیت اقتصادی و تغذیه‌ای منابع جایگزین غلات در جیره گاوهای شیرده، این مطالعه با هدف تأثیر جایگزینی دانه جو با خوراک گلوتن ذرت و تفاله چغندرقند (به‌صورت تیمارهای تکی و ترکیبی) بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی، تولید و ترکیبات شیر و وضعیت بدنی گاوهای شیرده پرتولید هلشتاین انجام شد. در حالی‌که تحقیقات قبلی عمدتاً به ارزیابی هر یک از این منابع فرعی به‌صورت جداگانه پرداخته‌اند، این پژوهش به بررسی اثرات ترکیبی این دو محصول جانبی بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و تولید شیر در گاوهای شیرده پر تولید پرداخته است.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی لورک، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، روی ۱۲ رأس گاو هلشتاین چند شکم زایش در قالب طرح مربع لاتین ۴×۴ با سه مربع، چهار دوره و چهار تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل: گروه شاهد، کنسانتره شامل 7/43 درصد دانه جو بدون افزودن خوراک گلوتن ذرت و تفاله چغندر، تیمار اول) ۱۲ درصد خوراک گلوتن ذرت جایگزین ۱۲ درصد دانه جو، تیمار دوم) ۱۲ درصد تفاله چغندرقند جایگزین ۱۲ درصد دانه جو در جیره و تیمار سوم) ترکیبی از ۶ درصد تفاله چغندر و ۶ درصد خوراک گلوتن ذرت به‌عنوان جایگزین ۱۲ درصد دانه بود. نسبت علوفه به کنسانتره در جیره‌های تغذیه‌شده در تمامی تیمارها ثابت و برابر با ۴۰ به ۶۰ درصد بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از رویه MIXED در نرم‌افزار SAS تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج جایگزینی دانه جو با ترکیبی از ۶ درصد خوراک گلوتن ذرت و ۶ درصد تفاله چغندرقند در جیره، مصرف ماده خشک، قابلیت هضم ماده آلی و پروتئین خام، تولید شیرخام، شیر تصحیح‌شده بر اساس چربی 5/3 درصد و شیر تصحیح‌شده بر اساس انرژی و تولید چربی، پروتئین، لاکتوز و مواد جامد بدون چربی شیر را نسبت به جیره شاهد به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد. جیره حاوی ۱۲ درصد خوراک گلوتن ذرت نیز مصرف ماده خشک نسبت به جیره شاهد بهبود داد، اما کمتر از جیره ترکیبی بود. در مقابل، جیره حاوی ۱۲ درصد تفاله چغندرقند درصد پروتئین شیر را نسبت به جیره شاهد و جیره ترکیبی کاهش داد، اما درصد چربی شیر در هیچ‌یک از جیره‌ها تغییر معنی‌داری نداشت. نمره وضعیت بدنی، وزن بدن و ضخامت چربی پشتی تحت تأثیر جیره‌ها قرار نگرفتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: جایگزینی دانه جو با ۶ درصد خوراک گلوتن ذرت و ۶ درصد تفاله چغندرقند در جیره گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین، مصرف ماده خشک، هضم مواد مغذی و عملکرد تولیدی را بهبود داد، بدون تأثیر منفی بر وضعیت بدنی دام داشته باشد. این یافته‌ها نشان‌دهنده کارایی بالای این منابع جایگزین در بهینه‌سازی جیره‌های گاوهای شیرده است.
واژه‌های کلیدی: تفاله چغندرقند، تولید و ترکیبات شیر، خوراک گلوتن ذرت، دانه جو، گاو شیرده

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of replacing barley grain with corn gluten feed and sugar beet pulp on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and milk production in high-producing Holstein dairy cow diets

نویسندگان [English]

  • Omid Ayoubi 1
  • Farzad Hashemzadeh 1
  • Masoud Alikhani 1
  • Ali Kahyani 2
  • Faezeh Nowroozinia 3
1 Master’s graduate and Associate Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor and PhD student, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, Email: ali.kahyani@saadi.shirazu.ac.ir
3 Assistant Professor and PhD student, Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, Email: ali.kahyani@saadi.shirazu.ac.ir
چکیده [English]

Effects of replacing barley grain with corn gluten feed and sugar beet pulp on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and milk production in high-producing Holstein dairy cow diets

Abstract
Background and Objective: Given the economic and nutritional importance of alternative sources to cereals in lactating dairy cow diets, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing barley grain with corn gluten feed and sugar beet pulp both individually and in combination on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition, and body condition of high-producing Holstein cows. While previous research has primarily assessed these by-products separately, this study investigated their combined effects on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and milk production in high-yielding dairy cows.

.Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted at the Lavark Research Station, Isfahan University of Technology, using 12 multiparous Holstein cows arranged in a 4×4 Latin square design with three squares, four periods, and four dietary treatments. Treatments included: 1) Control concentrate containing 43.7% barley grain without corn gluten feed or sugar beet pulp; 2) Replacement of 12% barley grain with corn gluten feed; 3) Replacement of 12% barley grain with sugar beet pulp; 4) Combination of 6% sugar beet pulp and 6% corn gluten feed replacing 12% barley grain. The forage-to-concentrate ratio was maintained constant at 40:60 across all diets. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS software.

Results: Replacing barley grain with the combination of 6% corn gluten feed and 6% sugar beet pulp significantly increased dry matter intake, organic matter and crude protein (CP) digestibility, milk yield, fat-corrected milk (3.5% FCM), energy-corrected milk (ECM), and yields of milk fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat compared to the control diet. The diet containing 12% corn gluten feed alone improved dry matter intake compared to control but less effectively than the combined treatment. Conversely, the 12% sugar beet pulp diet reduced milk protein percentage relative to control and combined treatments, while milk fat percentage was not significantly affected by any of the diets. Body condition score, body weight, and backfat thickness were not influenced by the dietary treatments.

Conclusion: Replacing barley grain with a combination of 6% corn gluten feed and 6% sugar beet pulp in diets of lactating Holstein cows improved dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, and milk production without adverse effects on body condition. These findings highlight the efficiency of these alternative feedstuffs in optimizing dairy cow rations.

Keywords: Barley grain, Corn gluten feed, Lactating dairy cows, Milk production and composition, Sugar beet pulp

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Barley grain
  • Corn gluten feed
  • Lactating dairy cows
  • Milk production and composition
  • Sugar beet pulp

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 14، شماره 1
خرداد 1405
صفحه 69-85

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