نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
بخش تحقیقات علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and Objectives: With the warming of the earth, drought conditions and reduction of water resources, it is necessary to use plants such as quinoa in animal feed, which are low water-absorbing, compatible with soil salinity conditions (pH between 6 and 5.8) and unusual weather conditions. It arrives This research was carried out with the aim of the effect of harvest time (budding and flowering stages) and different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (150, 200 and 250 kg/ha) on chemical composition, fermentation parameters and methane gas production of whole quinoa plant (Sjama variety).
Materials and methods: Quinoa plant was cultivated in the field with three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (150, 200 and 250 kg/ha). For each treatment, six plots were considered as replicates. The experimental treatments included alfalfa, 150 budding quinoa, 200 budding quinoa, 250 budding quinoa, 150 flowering quinoa, 200 flowering quinoa and 250 flowering quinoa. After drying, the samples were ground using a mill and to determine the chemical compounds and fermentation parameters were used. The obtained data were tested and analyzed using SAS software and the averages obtained were statistically compared using Duncan's multi-range test.
Results: The amounts of dry matter (DM, 161.23-177.50 g/kg fresh weight) and ADF (173.00-303.00 g/kg DM) of quinoa forage at different stages of harvest were lower than the amount of DM of alfalfa (337.50 g/kg fresh weight and 333.67 g/kg DM) and this amount increased with the age of the plant (P<0.0001). Crude ash (211.30-247.80 g/kg DM), CP (165.37-200.83 g/kg DM), and EE (22.27-28.72 g/kg DM) contents of quinoa forage were higher than alfalfa forage (97.67, 144.50 and 16.10 g/kg DM respectively), and these values decreased with increasing age of the plant. With the increase in the level of nitrogen fertilizer, the amounts of CP and EE in budding stage and flowering stage in quinoa forage increased. The effect of harvesting stage and fertilization amount on, asymptotic gas production, ADS and GP24 were different compared to alfalfa forage. The amounts of IVOMD and ME in alfalfa forage were lower than that of quinoa forage at budding stage, and but was almost equal to quinoa forage at flowering stage. The PF24 (2.59-2.87) and MP (95.85-147.20) in quinoa forage increased compared to alfalfa forage (2.41 and 54.75) and also with increasing fertilization in quinoa forage (P<0.0001). Only the amount of VFAs of the quinoa forage harvested at the budding stage and the amount of 150 and 200 kg of nitrogen fertilizer were higher than alfalfa forage (80.72 and 80.39 compared to 78.93 mmol/l). The amount of acetate, the ratio of acetate to propionate, NH3-N, CO2 and CH4 in quinoa forages, were lower than alfalfa forage, but the amount of propionate in quinoa forages were lower than that of alfalfa forage (P<0.0001). The total population of protozoa (5.93-6.19 and 6.28) and the subfamilies Entodiniinae (5.83-5.93 and 5.97), Diplodiniinae (4.70-5.42 and 5.45) and Ophrioscolecinae (4.80-5.33 and 5.36) in quinoa forages decreased compared to alfalfa forage (P<0.0001).
Conclusions: Based on the results of this research, quinoa forages in both harvest stages (especially fodder harvested in budding stage with amounts of 150 and 200 kg of nitrogen fertilizer) in terms of chemical composition, especially CP and improvement of parameters fermentation (reduction of NH3-N and CH4 production) was superior to alfalfa forage. Considering the issue of water crisis in the country and less water consumption for the growth of quinoa plant due to its inherent characteristics, this plant has the potential to be used in livestock feed, but it is necessary to conduct in vivo research.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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