اثرات استفاده از بلوک‌های نمکی یددار بر غلظت ید سرم و هورمون‌های تیروئیدی در گوسفند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، بخش علوم دامی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مرکزی، ایران،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: ید از اجزای ضروری هورمون‌های غده تیروئید (T3 و T4) برای زندگی پستانداران است. کمبود ید باعث تولید ناکافی این هورمون‌ها شده که نتیجه کم کاری تیروئید است. ید رسانی از طریق یددار کردن نمک خوراکی، روشی ساده و رایج در دنیا است و تبدیل نمک یددار پودری به شکل بلوک نمکی با مصرف اختیاری توسط دام می‌تواند به سهولت کاربری آن بیانجامد. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی و مقایسه تأثیر استفاده از دو نوع بلوک نمکی یددار بر غلظت ید سرم و هورمون‌های تیروئیدی در گوسفند انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: ابتدا بلوک‌های نمکی حاوی یدات پتاسیم یا یدات کلسیم با غلظت ید 110 قسمت در میلیون با روش فشرده سازی نمک پودری تهیه شد. در منطقه‌ای که قبلاً کمبود ید در گوسفندان استان مرکزی گزارش شده بود، گلۀ گوسفند داشتی با سابقه کمبود ید به عنوان گله آزمایشی انتخاب شد. در این گله، 63 رأس میش جوان غیر آبستن از نژاد فراهانی (دوره زایش دو تا سوم) با متوسط وزن بدن مشابه ( 4± 46 کیلوگرم) به‌صورت تصادفی به سه گروه 21 رأسی و هر گروه به سه تکرار 7 رأسی شامل گروه شاهد و دو گروه آزمایشی تقسیم شدند. دوره آزمایش دو ماه بود که طی این مدت، دام‌ها روزانه به شکل گروهی در مرتع چرا می‌نمودند و زمان بازگشت از مرتع بر حسب گروه آزمایشی و تکرار مربوطه جدا سازی شده و وارد آغل‌های اختصاص یافته می‌شدند و دسترسی به سنگ نمک یا بلوک نمکی مورد نظر را داشتند. میش‌های گروه شاهد از سنگ نمک معمولی، گروه آزمایشی اول از بلوک نمکی حاوی یدات پتاسیم و در گروه آزمایشی دوم از بلوک نمکی حاوی یدات کلسیم به شکل مصرف اختیاری استفاده نمودند. که طی آن مقدار مصرف نمک، غلظت ید در سطح بلوک‌های نمکی، غلظت ید معدنی سرم خون و غلظت هورمونهایT3 و T4 مورد سنجش قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: استفاده از هر دو مکمل، منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار ید معدنی سرم خون در پایان زمان آزمایش گردید (01/0 >P) و غلظت ید معدنی سرم برای مکمل یدات کلسیم به شکل معنی‌داری بیشتر از مکمل یدات پتاسیم بود (05/0> P). غلظت سرمی T3 و T4 نیز در گروه‌های مکمل‌دهی شده افزایش یافت (05/0 >P)، لیکن اختلاف معنی‌داری بین این دو گروه مکمل‌دهی شده مشاهده نگردید.
نتیجه‌گیری: بلوک‌های نمکی یددار تهیه شده با هر دو ترکیب، وسیله مناسبی برای ید رسانی به دام و پیشگیری از بروز عوارض کمبود ید هستند. این مکمل‌ها کاربری ساده‌ای داشته و می‌توانند جایگزین سنگ نمک شده و به شکل مصرف اختیاری توسط دام مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of using iodized salt blocks on serum iodine concentration and thyroid hormones in sheep

نویسنده [English]

  • Alireza Talebian Masoudi
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Markazi Province, Iran,
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Iodine is an essential component of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), which are vital for mammals. Iodine deficiency leads to insufficient production of thyroid hormones, and all the consequences of iodine deficiency stem from the associated hypothyroidism. Iodization of salt is a useful, simple and common approach to reduce iodine deficiency in the world, and the conversion of iodized salt in powder form into a salt block with free choice consumption by livestock can lead to its easy use. In this study the effect of two types of iodized salt blocks on the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders in livestock was investigated and compared.
Materials and methods: First, salt blocks containing potassium iodate or calcium iodate with an iodine concentration of 110 parts per million were prepared by compressing powdered salt. 63 young, non-pregnant Farahani ewes with similar average body weight (46 ± 4) were randomly divided into three groups of 21 heads each and each group was divided into three replicates of 7 heads each, including the control group and two experimental groups. The experimental period lasted two months. During this period, the animals grazed daily in groups in the pasture, and the time of return from the pasture was separated according to the experimental group and the corresponding replicate, and they were placed in the assigned pens, where they had the access to corresponding rock salt or salt block. The ewes in the control group used ordinary rock salt, the first experimental group used a salt block with potassium iodate and the second experimental group used a salt block with calcium iodate as free choice consumption. The trial period lasted two months, during which the amount of salt consumed, the iodine concentration at the level of salt blocks, the concentration of mineral iodine in the serum and the concentration of the hormones T3 and T4 were measured.
Results: The use of both supplements resulted in a significant increase in serum mineral iodine tested at the end of the trial period (P < 0.01), and serum mineral iodine concentrations were significantly higher for the calcium iodate supplement than for the potassium iodate supplement (P < 0.05). Serum concentrations of T3 and T4 also increased in the supplemented groups (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found between these two groups.
Conclusion: Iodized salt blocks prepared with both compounds are a suitable means of supplying iodine to livestock and preventing iodine deficiency disorders. These supplements are easy to use and can replace rock salt and be used as free choice consumption by livestock.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Iodine supplement
  • sheep
  • Thyroid hormones
  • iodized salt block

مراجع

Abdurrahim, M., Haque, S.E.M., Roy, D.C., Arefin, P., Ruchita, F.F., Sarkar, M.R., & Faroque, A.B.M. )2023(. Iodine concentration in edible salt from production to retail level in Bangladeshi territory: A comparative study following standard regulations. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 120: 105334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105334.
Alipourzamani, S., Movassagh, M. H., & Nouri, M. (2011(. Goiter in the sheep slaughtered in Tabriz slaughterhouse, Iran. Annals of Biological Research, 2(3): 242-246.
Andersson, M., De Benoist, B., Darnton-Hill, I., & Delange, F. M. (2007). World Health Organization, and UNICEF. Iodine deficiency in Europe: a continuing public health problem.
Babaheydari, S. B. M., & Ghorbani, G. (2012). Comparison of Iodine Levels in Blood Serum of Dairy Cattle in Hormozgan Province at the Standard Limit. International Journal of Review in Life Sciences, 2(3): 36-42.
Bhardwaj, R.K. (2018). Iodine deficiency in goats, in Goat Science. Rijeka, London (UK): IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72728.
Cui, T., Wang, W., Chen, W., Pan, Z., Gao, S., Tan, L., & Zhang, W. (2019). Serum iodine is correlated with iodine intake and thyroid function in school-age children from a sufficient-to-excessive iodine intake area. The Journal of Nutrition, 149(6): 1012-1018.
Darakhshesh, M., Nouri, M., Rezaei, A., & Barati, F. (2011). An abattoir study of ovine maternal and fetal thyroid lesions and the respective serum T3 and T4 Levels in an endemic goiter region in Iran. Veterinary Research Forum, 2(3): 167-175.
Dvoodi, F., Zakian, A., Rocky, A., & Raisi, A. (2022). Incidence of iodine deficiency and congenital goiter in goats and kids of Darreh Garm region, Khorramabad, Iran. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 8(1): 336-342. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.661.
Delshad, H.,  & Azizi, F. (2017). Review of iodine nutrition in Iranian population in the past quarter of century. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.57758.
Deresa, E. M., Befkadu, D. M., & Hamda, M. G. (2023). Investigation of the effects of heat and light on iodine content of packaged and open salt brands collected from Jimma town. Heliyon, 9(10).
Diosady, L. L., Alberti, J. O., Mannar, M. V., & FitzGerald, S. (1998). Stability of iodine in iodized salt used for correction of iodine-deficiency disorders. II. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 19(3): 240-250.
Dunn, J. T., & Haar, F. V. D. (1990). International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, UNICEF, & World Health Organization. A practical guide to the correction of iodine deficiency.
EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP). (2013). Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of iodine compounds (E2) as feed additives for all species: calcium iodate anhydrous and potassium iodide, based on a dossier submitted by HELM AG. EFSA Journal, 11(2), 3101.
Ferri, N., Ulisse, S., Aghini-Lombardi, F., Graziano, F. M., Di Mattia, T., Russo, F. P. & Fumarola, A. (2003). Iodine supplementation restores fertility of sheep exposed to iodine deficiency. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 26(11): 1081-1087.
Franke, K., Meyer, U., Wagner, H., Hoppen, H. O., & Flachowsky, G. (2009). Effect of various iodine supplementations, rapeseed meal application and two different iodine species on the iodine status and iodine excretion of dairy cows. Livestock Science, 125(2-3): 223-231.
Gogaev, O. K., Demurova, A. R., & Ikoeva, B. K. (2020). The effect of different forms of iodine on the blood parameters of sheep. Journal of Livestock Science, 11: 40-44. doi. 10.33259/JLivestSci.2020.40-44.
Insoongnern, H., Srakaew, W., Prapaiwong, T., Suphrap, N., Potirahong, S., & Wachirapakorn, C. (2021). Effect of mineral salt blocks containing sodium bicarbonate or selenium on ruminal pH, rumen fermentation and milk production and composition in crossbred dairy cows. Veterinary Sciences, 8(12): 322.
Jameson, J.L., de Kretser, D.M., Grossman, A.B., Potts, J.T., De Groot, J.L., Giudice, L.C., Melmed, S., & Weir, G.C. (2015). Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric. Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/c2012-1-03052-4.
Jarad, A., & Al Saad, K. M. (2023). Goiter in cross-breed goat kids at Basrah Province, Iraq. Archives of Razi Institute, 78(2): 531.
Kharazi, H., & Moaveni, S. (1992). Measurement of iodine element in salt rock of Garmsar and Semnan mines. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 15(2). (In Persian).
Kirchgessner, B. M., He, J., & Windisch, W. (1999). Homeostatic adjustments of iodine metabolism and tissue iodine to widely varying iodine supply in 125I labeled rats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 82(5): 238-250.
Knowles, S. O., & Grace, N. D. (2015). Serum total iodine concentrations in pasture-fed pregnant ewes and newborn lambs challenged by iodine supplementation and goitrogenic kale. Journal of Animal Science, 93(1): 425-432. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas2014-7854.
Knowles, S. O., & Grace, N. D. (2007). A practical approach to managing the risks of iodine deficiency in flocks using thyroid-weight: birthweight ratios of lambs. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 55(6): 314-318.
Mannar, M. (1996). The iodization of salt for the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. In: SOS for a billion. B. Hetzel & C. Pandav (eds). Dehli: Oxford University Press.
Mannar, M. V., & Dunn, J. T. (1995). Micronutrient Initiative, International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, & UNICEF. Salt iodization for the elimination of iodine deficiency. ICCIDD, NL.
Mostafa Tehrani, A. & Jafari, H. (2016). Assessing mineral status of soil, forage and sheep blood in ehran region of Ilam province. Applied Animal Science Research Journal, 17: 25-34. (in Persian).
NRC (National Academy of Science). (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids (Washington DC: National Academies Press). doi: 10.17226/11654.
Nudda, A., Battacone, G., Bomboi, G., Floris, B., Decandia, M., & Pulina, G. (2013). Effect of dietary iodine on thyroid hormones and energy blood metabolites in lactating goats. Animal, 7(1): 60-65.
Parker, W. J., & McCutcheon, S. N. (1989). Effects of iodine supplementation on the productivity of Romney ewes in the Wairarapa region of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 32(2): 207-212.
Preedy, V. R., Burrow, G. N., & Watson, R. R. (Eds.). )2009(. Comprehensive handbook of iodine: nutritional, biochemical, pathological and therapeutic aspects. Academic Press.
Rasti Ardakani, M., Ranjbari, A.R., Daraee Garmekhani, A., Gorbani, G. & Garekhani, M. )2011(. Investigation of iodine status in blood and milk of industrial dairy cattle farms in Isfahan province. Journal of Large Animal Clinical Science Research, 4 (4): 7-16. (In Persian).
Sandell, E. B. & Kolthoff, I. M. )1934(. Chronometric catalytic method for the determination of micro quantities of iodine. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 56 (6):1426.
Sargison, N. D., West, D. M., & Clark, R. G. )1998(. The effects of iodine deficiency on ewe fertility and perinatal lamb mortality. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 46(2): 72-75.
Shenolikar, I. S., & Rao, B. N. )1973). A study of availability of iodine from calcium iodate employing 131I-labeled salt. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 14(1): 2-4.
Siddiqui, M. M. (1993). Effects of organic and inorganic iodine supplementation on the performance and immune response of feedlot cattle (Doctoral dissertation, Texas Tech University).
Sorrenti, S., Baldini, E., Pironi, D., Lauro, A., D’Orazi, V., Tartaglia, F., Tripodi, D., Lori, E., Gagliardi, F., Praticò, M. & Illuminati, G., (2021). Iodine: Its role in thyroid hormone biosynthesis and beyond. Nutrients, 13(12): 4469.
Swanson, E. W., Miller, J. K., Mueller, F. J., Patton, C. S., Bacon, J. A., & Ramsey, N. (1990). Iodine in milk and meat of dairy cows fed different amounts of potassium iodide or ethylenediamine dihydroiodide. Journal of Dairy Science, 73(2), 398-405.
Talebian Masoudi, A. R., Azizi, F. & Zahedipour, H. (2010). Selenium and iodine status of sheep in the Markazi province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 11(1): 78-83.
Trávníček, J., & Kursa, J. (2001). Iodine concentration in milk of sheep and goats from farms in South Bohemia. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 70(1): 35-42.
Valk, H. & Kogut, J. (1998). Salt block consumption by high yielding dairy cows fed rations with different amounts of NaCl. Livestock production science, 56(1): 35-42.
World Health Organization, International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, and UNICEF. (2001). Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers.
World Health Organization/International Council for the Control of the Iodine Deficiency Disorders/United Nations Childrens Fund (WHO/ICCIDD/UNICEF). Assessment of the iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007.
نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 13، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 151-164

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار