اثرات سطوح مختلف روغن اسانسی و عصاره متانولی گیاه نعناع دشتی (Mentha spicata) بر فرانسجه‌های تخمیر شکمبه و تولید گاز متان شکمبه ای گاوهای شیری در شرایط آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: نظر به افزایش روز افزون جمعیت و نیاز آن به منابع پروتئینی حیوانی، اهمیت افزایش بهره‌وری تولید دام‌‌ها دو چندان شده است. با توجه به کارایی پایین تخمیر شکمبه، دستکاری تخمیر شکمبه بعنوان یکی از راهکارهای مؤثر در جهت بهبود راندمان استفاده از خوراک و کاهش هدرروی مواد مغذی و جلوگیری از آلودگی محیط زیست مطرح شده است. در این راستا، استفاده از افزودنی‌های خوراکی، به خصوص متابولیت‌های ثانویه با منشاء گیاهی بعنوان راهکاری مؤثر و سازگار با دامپروری پایدار در دهه‌های اخیر مورد توجه محققین تغذیه دام قرار گرفته است. لذا، هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثرات مقایسه‌ای سطوح مختلف روغن اسانسی و عصاره گیاه نعناع دشتی بر حجم گاز تولیدی، فراسنجه‌های هضم و تخمیر شکمبه و تولید گاز متان شکمبه‌ای در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: روغن اسانسی نعناع دشتی با استفاده از کلونجر به روش تقطیر با بخار آب و عصاره آن با استفاده از متانول 85% وحمام اولتراسونیک و متعاقبا سانتریفیوژ استخراج گردید. در این تحقیق، اثرات روغن اسانسی و عصاره گیاه نعناع دشتی در 6 سطح غلظتی، شامل سطوح صفر (به‌عنوان شاهد) و سطوح 150 (دوز پایین)، 300 و 450 (دوزهای متوسط)، و 600 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر (دوز بالا) بر فراسنجه‌های هضم و تخمیر شکمبه و تولید گاز متان شکمبه‌ای با یک جیره پر کنسانتره برای گاوهای شیری بررسی گردیده و اثرات تیمارها در قالب یک طرح کاملا تصادفی بصورت تجزیه مرکب مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: بموازات افزایش دوز اسانس و عصاره نعناع، حجم گاز تولید شده بعد از 24 ساعت بصورت درجه دوم تغییر کرد (01/0 >P) و درصد متان تولیدی بترتیب بصورت خطی و غیرخطی( خطی و درجه دوم) کاهش یافت (01/0>P)، به‌طوری که استفاده از سطوح بالای اسانس و عصاره بترتیب موجب کاهش 2/8 و 7/12 درصد متان تولیدی در مقایسه با شاهد گردید (01/0>P). میزان هضم حقیقی ماده خشک و مادۀ آلی سوبسترا بترتیب بموازات افزایش دوز اسانس و عصاره نعناع بصورت خطی کاهش یافتند (01/0>P). توده میکروبی و بازده سنتز توده میکروبی تنها تحت تاثیر عصاره نعناع قرار گرفته و با افزایش دوز عصاره بترتیب بصورت غیر خطی و خطی افزایش یافتند (01/0 >P)، بالاترین مقدار توده میکروبی و بازده سنتز توده میکروبی بترتیب با 7/16 و 3/25 درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد بترتیب در سطوح 450 و 600 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر عصاره مشاهده گردید (01/0>P). غلظت آمونیاک شکمبه ای بموازات افزایش دوز اسانس و عصاره نعناع بترتیب بصورت خطی افزایش و کاهش یافت (05/0>P)، به‌طوری که سطح بالای اسانس موجب افزایش 5/46 درصدی و سطح بالای عصاره موجب کاهش 6/13درصدی غلظت آمونیاک درمقایسه با شاهد شدند (05/0>P). غلظت کل اسیدهای چرب فرار تحت تاثیر هر دو افزودنی اسانس و عصاره نعناع بصورت خطی کاهش یافت (01/0>P). درصد مولی پروپیونات با افزایش دوز اسانس و عصاره نعناع بصورت غیر خطی افزایش یافت (01/0>P)، به‌طوری سطح 150 اسانس و سطح 600 میلی گرم بر لیتر عصاره بترتیب موجب افزایش 4/6 و 6/7 درصدی پروپیونات نسبت به شاهد گردیدند (01/0>P).
نتیجه‌گیری: در مجموع، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که با وجود اثرات منفی هر دو افزودنی اسانس و عصاره بر تخمیر شکمبه در دوز بالا، استفاده از عصاره خشک نعناع در دوزهای پایین و متوسط (معادل حدود 150 تا 450 گرم در روز برای گاوهای شیری) می‌تواند اثرات امید بخشی در بهبود تخمیر شکمبه داشته باشد. کاهش تولید گاز متان و آمونیاک، و بهبود تولید و بازده سنتز توده میکروبی حاکی از اثرات مثبت عصاره نعناع بر تخمیر شکمبه می باشند که ضمن بهبود راندمان تولید می‌‌تواند موجب کاهش اثرات زیست محیطی نشخوارکنندگان گردد که این امر نیازمند تحقیق بیشتر در شرایط مزرعه‌‌ای و با استفاده از دام زنده می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of different levels of Spearmint (Mentha spicata) essential oil and methanolic extract on rumen fermentation parameters and methane production of dairy cattle in vitro

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Rezaei 1
  • Mostafa Malecky 2
  • Daryoush Alipour 2
1 PhD student, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran,
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Given the escalating global population and its growing demand for animal protein resources, the significance of maximizing livestock production efficiency has doubled. Owing the low efficiency of rumen fermentation, the rumen manipulation has emerged as an effective strategy to improve feed efficiency and reduce nutrient wastage, thereby reducing environmental impact. In this context, the use of feed additives, particularly plant-derived secondary metabolites has attracted the attention of animal nutritionists as an effective strategy and sustainable solution in recent decades. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate in vitro the comparative effects of different levels of essential oil and extract of spearmint on gas volume production, rumen digestion parameters, and methane production.

Materials and Methods: The essential oil of spearmint (MSEO) was extracted by steam distillation method using a Clevenger apparatus, and its extract (MSEX) was obtained using 85% methanol followed by ultrasonic bath and centrifugation. In this study, the effects of spearmint essential oil and extract on rumen digestion and fermentation parameters of a high-concentrate diet for dairy cows were evaluated at six concentration levels: zero (as control), 150 (low dose), 300 and 450 (moderate doses), and 600 mg/L (high dose) and the treatment effects were analysed statistically using a complete randomised design with combined analysis.

Results: The volume of gas produced after 24 h of incubation changed quadratically (P< 0.01), and the percentage of methane production decreased linearly and non-linearly (linear and quadratic) with increasing dose of MSEO and MSEX, respectively (P< 0.01), as the high dose of MSEO and MSEX resulted in an 8.2% and 12.7% reduction in the percentage of methane production, respectively, compared to the control (P<0.01). The true in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility of the substrate decreased linearly with increasing dose of both MSEO and MSEX (P< 0.01). The microbial mass (MB) and efficiency of microbial biomass synthesis (EMBS) were affected only by MSEX, and increased non-linearly and linearly, respectively, with increasing dose of MSEX (P< 0.01),with the highest MB and EMBS (16.7% and 25.3% increase, respectively, compared to the control) observed at 450 and 600 mg/L of MSEX, respectively (P<0.01). Ammonia concentration increased and decreased linearly with increasing dose of the essential oil and extract of spearmint, respectively (P< 0.05), As at the high dose, MSEO increased ammonia by 46.5% while MSEX decreased ammonia by 13.6% compared to the control (P< 0.05). Total volatile fatty acid concentration decreased linearly with both MSEO and MSEX dosages (P< 0.01). The molar proportion of propionate increased non-linearly with both MSEO and MSEX dosages (P< 0.01), as the 150 mg/L level of MSEO and that of 600 mg/L of MSEX increased the proportion of propionate by 6.4% and 7.6% respectively compared to the control (P<0.01).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of this study showed that despite the negative effects of both MSEO and MSEX at high doses on rumen fermentation, the use of spearmint dry extract at low and moderate doses (equivalent to fairly 150 to 450 g/d for dairy cattles) could have have promising effects in improving rumen fermentation. The reduction in methane and ammonia production, and the improvement in microbial biomass and microbial biomass synthesis efficiency are indications of the beneficial effects of spearmint extract on rumen fermentation, which, in addition to improving production efficiency, may contribute to mitigating the environmental impact of ruminants, which requires further in vivo research under field conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential oil
  • methanolic extract
  • spearmint (mentha spicata)
  • rumen fermentation
  • methane gas

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 12، شماره 4
دی 1403
صفحه 143-164

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