استفاده از گیاهان دارویی در جیره میش‌های شیرده نژاد رومن و تأثیر آن بر عملکرد و فراسنجه‌های خونی بره‌های نر شیرخوار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به‌عنوان محرک رشد، یکی از جایگزین‌های مناسب با اثرات متعدد به‌جای آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها در جیره دام شناخته شده است. مطالعات متعددی در مورد استفاده از گیاهان دارویی یا اسانس‌ها و عصاره‌های آنها در نشخوارکنندگان انجام شده است، اما در بیشتر این مطالعات، تأثیر این گیاهان به‌طور مستقیم بر عملکرد رشد و تولید خود حیوان بررسی شده است. در این آزمایش، تأثیر مخلوط گیاهان دارویی به‌عنوان افزودنی‌های خوراکی در جیره میش‌های شیرده نژاد رومن مادر بر عملکرد و فراسنجه‌های خون بره‌های نر در دوران شیرخوارگی بررسی شده است.
مواد و روش‌ها: تعداد 24 رأس میش شیرده نژاد رومن زایش اول با میانگین وزن ۲/۱± ۲/۵۰ و میانگین تولید شیر122.25 ± 03/1107 همراه با 24 رأس بره نر شیرخوار با میانگین وزن ۴۴/۰ ± ۳۴/۳ در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به 4 گروه 6 رأسی تقسیم و برای 65 روز در جایگاه‌های انفرادی نگهداری شدند. گروه‌های آزمایشی میش‌های مادر شامل: گروه شاهد (جیره پایه)، تیمارهای اول، دوم و سوم علاوه بر جیره پایه به ازای هر راس میش روزانه 15 گرم پودر مخلوط زیره سبز، گشنیز و نعناع فلفلی به ترتیب با نسبت‌های ۶۰: ۳۰ : ۱۰؛ ۴۵: ۴۵:۱۰ و ۳۰: ۶۰: ۱۰ درصد دریافت کردند. بره‌های نر مکمل مخلوط گیاهان دارویی دریافت نکردند. توزین بره‌ها هر ۱۵ روز یکبار انجام شد. در انتهای دوره قبل از خوراک‌دهی صبح، به‌منظور تعیین فراسنجه‌های هماتولوژی، بیوشیمیایی، آنزیم‌های کبدی و خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی خون از ورید گردن خون‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، تفاوت معنی‌داری بین گروه شاهد و تیمارها از لحاظ وزن نهایی و افزایش وزن روزانه بره‌ها مشاهده نشد. تعداد و درصد حجمی گلبول‌های قرمز خون بره‌ها در تیمار سوم کمتر از گروه‌های دیگر بود (05/0>P) هرچند، تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری با گروه شاهد نداشت. میزان هموگلوبین در تیمار اول بیشتر و در تیمار سوم کمتر بود ولی تفاوت معنی‌داری با گروه شاهد نداشت. تعداد گلبول‌های سفید و شمارش افتراقی این سلول‌ها تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. غلظت گلوکز خون بره‌های شیرخوار در تیمار آزمایشی اول بیشترین و در تیمار سوم کمترین بود ولی نسبت به گروه شاهد تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. غلظت این فراسنجه در تیمار اول نسبت به تیمار سوم از لحاظ آماری متفاوت بود (05/0>P). تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری بین گروه‌های آزمایشی از لحاظ غلظت‌های پروتئین تام و کراتینین مشاهده نشد. غلظت تری‌گلیسرید در تیمار دوم بیشتر از گروه شاهد بود (05/0>P). فعالیت آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز در تیمارهای دوم و سوم کمتر از گروه شاهد بود (05/0>P). فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، ظرفیت کل آنتی‌اکسیدانی و شاخص مالون‌دی‌آلدئید تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج آزمایش نشان داد استفاده از مخلوط گیاهان زیره، گشنیز و نعناع فلفلی با نسبت‌های مختلف در جیرة میش‌های مادر، غلی‌رغم اثرات مطلوب بر برخی فراسنجه‌های خون بره‌های نر شیرخوار، تاثیر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد و وضعیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی خون آنها نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The use of medicinal plants in the diet of Roman breed lactating ewes and its effect on the performance and blood parameters of suckling male lambs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Wahidullah Charkhi 1
  • Fardin hozhabri 2
  • Hadi Hajarian 3
1 Animal Science Department, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Animal Science Department, Agriculture Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Animal Science Department, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract

Background and objective: The use of medicinal plants as growth promoters is known as one of the suitable alternatives with multiple effects instead of antibiotics in animal feed. Several studies have been conducted on the use of medicinal plants or their essential oils and extracts in ruminants, but in most of these studies, the effect of these plants has been directly investigated on the growth and production performance of the animal itself. In this experiment, the effect of a mixture of medicinal plants as nutritional additives in the diet of Raman lactating ewes on the performance and blood parameters of male suckling lambs has been investigated.

Materials and methods: Twenty-four lactating Roman ewes of the first calving, the average BW of 50.2 ± 1.2 and the average milk yield of 1107.03 ± 122.25 along with 24 suckling male lambs with an average BW of 3.34 ± 0.44 were divided into four groups six in each, in a completely randomized design and kept in individual pen for 65 days. The experimental groups of mother ewes included: control (basic diet) and first, second and third treatments, in addition to the basic diet, were received 15 grams of cumin, coriander and peppermint mixed powder with the ratios of 60:30: 10; 10:45:45 and 30:60:10 %, respectively. Male lambs did not receive the herbal mixture supplement. Lambs were weighed every 15 days. At the end of the experiment, before morning feeding, blood was taken from the jugular vein of the lambs in order to determine the parameters of hematology, biochemical, liver enzymes and antioxidant properties.

Result: Based on the results of this research, no significant difference was observed between the control group and treatments in terms of final weight and daily weight gain of lambs. The concentration and volume percentage of red blood cells of lambs in the third treatment were lower than in other groups (P<0.05). The amount of hemoglobin was higher in the first treatment and lower in the third treatment, but there was no significant difference with the control group. The number of white blood cells and the differential count of these cells were not affected by the experimental treatments. The blood glucose concentration was the highest in the first experimental treatment and the lowest in the third treatment, although there was no significant difference compared to the control. The concentration of this parameter in the first compared to the third treatment was statistically different (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the experimental groups in terms of total protein and creatinine concentrations. Triglyceride concentration in the second treatment was higher than the control (P<0.05). Aspartate aminotransferase activity in the second and third treatments was lower than in the control (P<0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde index were not affected.

Conclusion:
The results of the experiment showed that the use of a mixture of cumin, coriander and peppermint plants with different proportions in the ration of mother ewes, despite the favorable effects on some blood parameters of suckling male lambs, did not have a significant effect on the performance and antioxidant status of their blood.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant capacity
  • aspartate aminotransferase
  • average daily gain
  • blood cells
  • malondialdehyde

مراجع

Abd El-Halim, M. I., Elbagir, N. M. & Sabahelkhier, M. K. (2014). Hematological values in sheep fed a diet containing black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed oil. International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review, 2: 128-140. https://doi.org/10.9734/IJBCRR/2014/7382.
Abdullah, M. A. M. & Farghaly, M. M. (2019). Impact of partial replacement of cottonseed meal by nigella sativa meal on nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, growth performance of growing lambs. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 22 (2 Special): 11-20. https://doi.org/10.21608/EJNF.2019.102283.
Alfaro, G. F., Rodriguez-Zas, S. L., Southey, B. R., Muntifering, R. B., Rodning, S. P., Pacheco, W. J. & Moisá, S. J.( 2021). Complete blood count analysis on beef cattle exposed to fescue toxicity and rumen-protected niacin supplementation. Animals, 4: 988-1003. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11040988.
Amirkhizi, F., Siassi, F., Djalali, M. & Foroushani, A. R. (2010). Evaluation of oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in women with general and abdominal adiposity. Obesity Research and Clinical Practice, 3: 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2010.02.003.
AOAC .(1995). Official Methos of Analysis. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
Baxevanis, C. N., Goulielmaki, M., Adamaki, M. & Fortis, S. P. (2023). The thin red line between the immune system and cancer evolution. Translational Oncology, 27, 101555.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101555.
Bhargav, S., Patil, A. K., Jain, R. K., Kurechiya, N., Aich, R. & Jayraw, A. K. (2021). Effect of dietary inclusion of cumin seed (cuminum cyminum) on voluntary feed intake, milk yield, milk quality and udder health of dairy cows. Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research, 40 (4): 434-439. https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.DR-1792.
Cherif, M., Salem, H. B. & Abidi, S. (2018). Effect of the addition of Nigella sativa seeds to low or high concentrate diets on intake, digestion, blood metabolites, growth and carcass traits of Barbarine lamb. Small Ruminant Research, 158: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.11.008.
Devant, M., Anglada, A. & Bach, A. (2007). Effects of plant extract supplementation on rumen fermentation and metabolism in young Holstein bulls consuming high levels of concentrate. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1-2: 46-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.10.003.
Elfaki, M. O. A. & Elkhair. N. M. (2023). Effect of Nigella sativa seed supplementation on hematology, acid-base parameters, and serum biochemical parameters in Nubian goat fed an aflatoxin contaminated diet. Cluj Veterinary Journal, 28 (2): 2-12. https://doi.org/10.52331/cvj.v28i2.48.
El-Ghousein, S. S. (2010). Effect of some medicinal plants as feed additives on lactating Awassi ewe performance, milk composition, lamb growth and relevant blood items. Egyptian Journal of Animal Production, 1: 37-49.
El-Naggar, S. & Ibrahim, E. M. (2018). Impact of incorporating garlic or cumin powder in lambs' ration on nutrients digestibility, blood constituents and growth performance. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 2: 355-364.
Esteves, P. F., Sato, A., Esquibel, M. A., de Campos-Buzzi, F., Meira, A. V., & Cechinel-Filho, V. 2009. Antinociceptive activity of Malva sylvestris L. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 28 (3): 454-456.
Farghaly, M. M. & Abdullah, M. A. M. (2021). Effect of dietary oregano, rosemary and peppermint as feed additives on nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation and performance of fattening sheep. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 3: 365-376. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejnf.2021.210838.
Gassmann, M., Mairbäurl, H., Livshits, L., Seide, S., Hackbusch, M., Malczyk, M., Kraut, S., Gassmann, N. N., Weissmann, N. & Muckenthaler, M. U. (2019). The increase in hemoglobin concentration with altitude varies among human populations. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1: 204-220. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14136.
Ghafari, M., Shahraki, A. F., Nasrollahi, S. M., Amini, H. R. & Beauchemin, K. A. (2015). Cumin seed improves nutrient intake and milk production by dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 210: 276-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.11.001.
Ghazanfari, N., Yazdi, F. T., Mortazavi, S. A. & Mohammadi, M. (2023). Using pulsed electric field pre-treatment to optimize coriander seeds essential oil extraction and evaluate antimicrobial properties, antioxidant activity, and essential oil compositions. LWT (Food Science and Technology), 182, 114852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114852.
Giordani, R., P. Regli, J. Kaloustian, C. Mikail, L. Abou. & Portugal, H. 2004. Antifungal effect of various essential oils against Candida albicans. Potentiation of antifungal action of amphotericin B by essential oil from Thymus vulgaris. Phytotherapy Research, 18 (12): 990-995. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1594.
Golparvar, A. R. & Hadipanah, A. (2013). Chemical compositions of the essential oil from peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) cultivated in Isfahan conditions. Journal of Medicinal Herbs, 4 (2): 75-78.
Hassan, F., Tang, Z., Ebeid, H. M., Li, M., Peng, K., Liang, X. & Yang, C. (2021). Consequences of herbal mixture supplementation on milk performance, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial diversity in water buffaloes. PeerJ, 9: 11241. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11241.
Hendawy, A. O., Mansour, M. M. & El-Din, A. N. (2019). Effects of medicinal plants on hematological indices, colostrum, and milk composition of ewes. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, 1: 1-5.
Jami, Y. E., Foroughi, A., Soleimani, A., Kazemi, M., Shamsabadi, V. & Torbaghan, A. E. (2015). The effect of substituting wheat straw with different levels of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) crop residues on growth, blood metabolites and hematological values of Moghani male lambs. International Journal of Biosciences, 12: 35-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/6.12.35-42.
Khamisabadi, H. & Ahmadpanah, J. (2020). The effect of diets supplemented with Coriandrum sativum seeds on carcass performance, immune system, blood metabolites, rumen parameters and meat quality of lambs. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 43, e52048. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.52048.
Khamisabadi, H., & Fazaeli, H. (2021). Effect of Thymus vulgaris or peppermint on lactating sanjabi ewe performance, milk composition, lamb growing and relevant blood metabolites. Journal of Medicinal plants and By-product, 10: 95-101. https://doi.org/10.22092/JMPB.2020.351950.1258.
Khattab, A. R., Saleh, A. A. &d El Sayed, F. A. (2018). Effect of feeding the medicinal herb, chamomile flower, on productive performance of Frafra ewes and their born lambs. Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences, 2: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.21608/EJSGS.2018.26242.
Khattab, H. M., El‐Basiony, A. Z., Hamdy, S. M. & Marwan, A. A. (2011). Immune response and productive performance of dairy buffaloes and their offspring supplemented with black seed oil. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 1 (4): 227-234.
Kholif, A. E. & Olafadehan, O. A. (2021). Essential oils and phytogenic feed additives in ruminant diet: chemistry, ruminal microbiota and fermentation, feed utilization and productive performance. Phytochemistry Reviews, 20: 087–1108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-021-09739-3.
Matloup, O. H., Abd El -Tawab, A. M., Hassan, A. A., Hadhoud, F. I., Khattab, M. S. A., Khalel, M. S., Sallam, S. M. A. & Kholif, A. E. (2017). Performance of lactating Friesian cows fed a diet supplemented with coriander oil: feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood chemistry, and milk production. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 226: 88-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.02.012.
McPherson, R. A. & Pincus, M. R. (2021). Henry's clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods 24th Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences., Elsevier.
Mehrabadi, M., Vakili, A., Danesh Mesgaran, M. & Valizadeh, R. 2019. The effect of powdered medicinal plants and essential oils on the rumen fermentation, blood parameters, production and composition of milk in Holstein lactating cows. Animal Sciences Journal, 32: 187-202. https://doi.org/10.22092/asj.2018.120547.1630. (In Persian).
Modi, C. P., Patil, S. S., Pawar, M. M., Chaudhari, A. B., Chauhan, H. D. & Ashwar, B. K. (2022). Effect of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) seed supplementation on production performance, nutrient digestibility and haemato-biochemical profile of Mehsana goats. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 92: 887-891. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i7.119705.
Mohammed, S. F., Saeed, A. A., Al-Jubori, O. S. & Saeed, A. A. (2018). Effect of daily supplement of coriander seeds powder on weight gain, rumen fermentation, digestion and some blood characteristics of Awassi ewes. Journal of Research in Ecology, 2: 1762-1770. http://ecologyresearch.info/documents/EC0570.  
Morsy, T. A., Kholif, A. E., Matloup, O. H., Elella, A. A., Anele, U. Y. & Caton, J. S. (2018). Mustard and cumin seeds improve feed utilization, milk production and milk fatty acids of Damascus goats. Journal of Dairy Research, 2: 142-151. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029918000043.
Navaei, A., Mousavi, S. M. and Taghizadeh, M. 2020. The effect of cumin and fennel powder in comparison with monensin on oxidative stress in fattening lambs under thermal stress conditions. Veterinary Research and Biological Products, 4: 132-141. https://doi.org/10.22092/vj.2019.127073.1600. (In Persian).
Nourafcan, H., Kalantari, Z. & Sefidkon, F. (2018). The effect of methanol and ethanol foliar application on essential oil composition of peppermint. Agroecology Journal, 14 (2). 9-18. 10.22034/AEJ.2018.543125. (In Persian).
Ohnson AM, Rohlfs EM. & Silverman LM. (1999). Proteins. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER (Eds.). Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. WB Saunders Company. Philadelphia. pp 477-540.
Oluwafemi, R. A., Olawale, I. & Alagbe, J. O. 2020. Recent trends in the utilization of medicinal plants as growth promoters in poultry nutrition-A review. Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, 1: 5-11.
Olvera-Aguirre, G., Mendoza-Taco, M. M., Arcos-Álvarez, D. N., Piñeiro-Vázquez, A. T., Moo-Huchin, V. M., Canul-Solís, J. R., Castillo-Sánchez, L., Ramírez-Bautista, M. A., Vargas-Bello-Pérez, E. & Chay-Canul, A. J. (2020). Effect of feeding lactating ewes with Moringa oleifera leaf extract on milk yield, milk composition and preweaning performance of ewe/lamb pair. Animals, 7: 1117- 1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10071117.
Rahmatizadeh, M., Hozhabri, F. & Kafilzade, F. (2023). The effect of adding a mixture of peppermint, thyme and rosemary essential oils to diet on growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters and blood metabolites of fattening lambs. Iranian Journal of Animal Science, 53 (4): 273-285. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijas.2022.340407.653879. (In Persian).
Reza-Yazdi, K., Fallah, M., Khodaparast, M., Kateb, F. & Hosseini-Ghaffari, M. (2014). Effects of specific essential oil compounds on, feed intake, milk production, and ruminal environment in dairy cows during heat exposure. International Journal of Biological, Veterinary, Agricultural and Food Engineering, 8 (12):1244-1245.
Sadeghi, D., Mortazavian, M. M. &Bakhtiyarizadeh, M. R. (2018). Transcriptome analysis of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) using RNA-Seq. Agricultural Biotechnology Journal, 9 (4), 101-116. https://doi.org/10.22103/jab.2018.2017. (In Persian).
Selim, S. A., Khalifa, H. K. & Ahmed, H. A. (2019). Growth performance, blood biochemical constituents, antioxidant status, and meat fatty acids composition of lambs fed diets supplemented with plant essential oils. Alexandria Journal for Veterinary Sciences, 63 (2): 156-165. https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.74620.
Shakeri, F., Soukhtanloo, M. & Boskabady, M. H. (2017). The effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa rhizome and curcumin on total and differential WBC and serum oxidant, antioxidant biomarkers in rat model of asthma. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 20 (2): 155- 165. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2017.8241.
Thiviya, P., Gamage, A., Piumali, D., Merah, O. & Madhujith, T. (2021). Apiaceae as an important source of antioxidants and their applications. Cosmetics, 4: 111-130. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8040111.
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB. & Lewis. B.A. (1991). Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74: 3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2.
Yaghubi, N., Taghizadeh, A. & Janmohammadi, H. (2019). The effect of bioherbal on performance, digestibility, blood parameters and in vitro gas production of diet in Holstein fattening calves. Journal of Ruminant Research, 7 (1), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.22069/EJRR.2019.15777.1658. (In Persian).
Zaki, Q., Al-dain, S. & Jarjeis, E. A. (2015). Evaluation of using some medical herbs seeds as feed additive on some hematological and biochemical parameters for male Awassi lambs under local environmental condition of Nineveh province, IRAQ. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 9 (20): 527-537.
Zolfagjhari, M., Tolideh, S., Sedighi Dehkordi, F, & Mahmoodi Sourestani, M. (2022). Evaluation of growth, yield and essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) under mycorrhiza, vermicompost and chemical fertilizer treatments. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 32(1), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.22034 /saps.2021.42112.2556.(In Persian).
نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 12، شماره 2
شهریور 1403
صفحه 133-152

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار