ارزش تغذیه‌ای خوراک کامل سیلو شده بر پایه چغندر و ذرت علوفه‌ای در تغذیه گوسفندان شال

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد بخش تغذیه و فیزیولوژی دام، موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

2 استادیار بخش به‌نژادی، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندر قند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

3 دانشیار بخش تغذیه و فیزیولوژی دام، موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

4 پژوهشگر موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: با توجه به محدودیت منابع خوراک دام کشور، طی سال‌های اخیر، پژوهش‌هایی جهت معرفی منابع جدید علوفه‌ای انجام شده است. چغندر علوفه‌ای از جمله منابعی است ارقام جدیدی از آن معرفی شده است. برای نگهداری و مصرف تدریجی آن در جیره غذایی دام‌ها لازم است که این محصول خرد و سیلو شود، اما فناوری مناسب نگهداری و سیلوکردن آن معرفی نشده است. نظر به پایین بودن ماده خشک چغندر، برای سیلوکردن آن لازم است از مواد افزودنی با ترکیب مناسب استفاده شود و دانش فنی جهت تهیه سیلاژ مناسب بر پایه چغندر علوفه‌ای ارائه گردد. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف تهیه سیلاژ خوراک کامل بر پایه چغندر علوفه‌ای در مقایسه با سیلاژ خوراک کامل بر پایه علوفه ذرت و تعیین ارزش غذایی آنها در تغذیه گوسفند انجام شد.

مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش سه جیره‌ آزمایشی شامل: 1) گروه شاهد متشکل از جیره روزانه کاملاً مخلوط بر پایه سیلاژ ذرت، 2) خوراک کامل سیلوشده بر پایه سیلاژ ذرت، 3) خوراک کامل سیلوشده برپایه چغندرعلوفه‌ای، به‌صورت همگن تنظیم شد. قابلیت هضم و مصرف اختیاری جیره‌ها با روش درون‌تنی بر روی 5 رأس گوسفند نر نژاد شال، با سن پنج سال و میانگین وزن 80 کیلوگرم، با سه تیمار و پنج تکرار (در قالب طرح چرخشی) تعیین شد.

یافته‌ها: ماده خشک سیلاژهای خوراک کامل ذرت 40 و سیلاژ خوراک کامل چغندر 7/39 درصد و pH آن‌ها نیز به‌ترتیب 95/3 و 06/4 بود. میانگین مصرف ماده خشک 1294 گرم برای گروه شاهد و 1579 گرم برای سیلاژ خوراک کامل چغندر بود که تفاوت معنی‌داری بین آنها وجود داشت (05/0P<). مصرف ماده خشک برای سیلاژ خوراک کامل ذرت علوفه‌ای نیز نزدیک به جیره شاهد بود. میانگین ماده آلی مصرفی نیز برای سیلاژ خوراک کامل چغندر به‌مراتب بالاتر (05/0P<). از دو جیره دیگر بود (1450 گرم در مقابل 1206 و 1214 گرم). براساس معیار مصرف به‌ازای وزن متابولیکی دام‌ها نیز همین روند مشاهده شد. میانگین قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، ماده آلی، ماده آلی در ماده خشک و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی در سیلاژ خوراک کامل ذرت (به‌ترتیب 6/71، 74، 1/69 و5/51 درصد) بالاتر از دو جیره دیگر بود (05/0P<). مقدارpH مایع شکمبه در ساعت صفر تحت تأثیر جیره غذایی قرار گرفت (05/0P<). به‌طوری که در جیره شاهد کمترین (11/6 در مقابل 85/6 و 01/7) مقدار و در سیلاژ خوراک کامل چغندر بالاترین مقدار بود،اما در ساعت 3 و 6، بعد از خوراک دادن، تفاوت معنی‌داری بین آنها وجود نداشت. غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی از زمان خوراک دادن تا 3 ساعت بعد، در همه جیره‌ها، روند افزایشی نشان داد که البته این روند برای سیلاژ خوراک کامل چغندر بالاترین مقدار (از 85/17 به 89/32 میلی‌گرم بر دسی‌لیتر) و جیره شاهد کمترین (از 35/13 به 23/31 میلی‌گرم بر دسی‌لیتر) مقدار بود و سیلاژ خوراک کامل ذرت نیز بین این دو قرار گرفت. از ساعت 3 تا زمان بعدی (ساعت 6) تولید نیتروژن آمونیاکی روند کاهشی نشان داد، هرچند که این کاهش برای سیلاژ خوراک کامل چغندر با شیب ملایم همراه بود.

نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج آزمایش خوراک‌‌های آزمایشی بر روی گوسفندان شال نشان داد که بالاترین مقدار مصرف اختیاری ماده خشک و ماده آلی مربوط به سیلاژ خوراک کامل چغندر بود. اما از نظر قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی، سیلاژ خوراک کامل ذرت ارزش بالاتری داشت، که این پدیده حاکی از بهبود ارزش غذایی خوراک کامل در طول قرار داشتن در سیلو می‌باشد. افزایش قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی در سیلاژ خوراک کامل ذرت نسبت به حالت سیلو نشده همین جیره یک مزیت محسوب می‌شود و به‌عنوان تیمار برتر معرفی و استفاده از آن توصیه می‌شود. در مواردی که چغندر علوفه‌ای در دسترس باشد نیز تهیه و مصرف سیلاژ خوراک کامل بر پایه چغندر علوفه‌ای توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nutritional value of total mixed ration silage based on the fodder beet and corn forage in Shal sheep

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan FAzaeli 1
  • Mehdi Sadeghi shoae 2
  • Alireza Agha shahi 3
  • Ramin Aliverdi nasab 4
1 Professor of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Department, Animal Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Breeding Research, Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Department, Animal Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension OrganizationOrganization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
4 Researcher of Animal Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Du to limitation of feed resources in Iran, recently research workers tried to find new feed resources, where they introduce new fodder beet varieties to farmers. Regarding the characteristics of the fodder beet, it must be preserved as silage for progressively use in animal feeding, but no appropriate technology was stablished for ensiling of fodder beet. Ensiling is the well nown technology for preserving of fresh forages, but it is difficult to ensile the fodder beet, because of very low dry matter (DM) content. However, using additives (dry roughages and concentrates) as total mixed ration may be applied as a technology for preserving fodder beet silage. Therefore, this research was conducted to prepared a total mixed ration (TMR) silage based on fodder beet in comparison to corn silage and determine their nutritive values in sheep.



Materials and methods: Three experimental diets including: 1) TMR based on corn silage (CTMR), 2) TMR silage (CTMRS) based on similar formula of treatment 1 and 3) TMR silage based on fodder beet (FBTMRS) were prepared. Digestibility and voluntary intake of the treatment diets were determined with three treatments and five replicates by in vivo method, using of 5 mature male Shal sheep (with 5 years old age and 80 kg body weight).



Results: The DM contents of the CTMRS and FBTMRS waere 40 and 39.7 percent with pH of 3.95 and 4.06 respectivly. Average daily DM intake (DMI) was 1294g in control, 1301g in CTMRS but 1579g in FBTMRS that were significantly higher (P<0.05) in FBTMRS. Organic matter (OM) intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher (1450 vs 1206 and 1214 g) for the FBTMRS than the other treatments. Similar trend was obsereved when the intake was calculated based on methabolic body weight. Digestibility of DM, OM, organic mater in dry mater (DOMD) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were respectively 71.6, 74, 69.1 and 51.5 percent for CTMRS that were statistically (p<0.05) higher than those of the other treatments but no differences were obtained between the control and FBTMRS. The rumen pH, was affected (p<0.05) by the treatments before morning feeding so that it was the lowest in control, but the highest in FBTMRS (6.11 vs 6.85 and 7.01). However, rumen pH was not varied between the treatments at 3h and 6h post feeding. The rumen ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) showed an increasing tendency in all treatments from morning feedint to 3h post feeding with the highest amount for treatment FBTMRS (from 17.85 to 32.89 mg/dL) and the lowest for the control (from 13.35 to 31.32 mg/dL) but it showed a decreasing trend from 3h to 6h post feeding with slower tendency for the treatment FBTMRS.



Conclusion: Results of the experimental diets on sheep nutrition indicated that, the highest DM and OM intake was obtained when the animals received TMR silage based on the fodder beet. However, the TMR corn silage showed the highest nutrients digestibility that may be due to the nutritional improvement during the silage fermentation and preservation. Improvement the nutrients digestibility of TMR corn silage is considered as an advantage when compared to the normal TMR (contained corn silage). Therefore, TMR silage based on corn forage recommended as superior treatment in this study. However, practicing and utilization of TMR silage based on the fodder beet is recommended, where the fodder beet is available.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fodder beet
  • maize forage
  • Nutritive value
  • TMR Silage

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 11، شماره 3
آذر 1402
صفحه 97-116

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