تاثیر برخی از ریز مغذی ها در دوره انتقال گاوهای شیرده در شرایط تنش گرمایی بر کمیت و کیفیت آغوز و شیر تولیدی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو دکتری، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد، گروه علوم دامی ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تنش گرمایی در بیشتر مناطق جهان اثر منفی بر عملکرد گاوهای شیری دارد و سبب کاهش تولید شیر در گاوهای شیری پر تولید می‌شود. مکمل سازی خوراک گاوهای پرتولید با ریز مغذی‌ها(موادمعدنی و ویتامین‌ها) به ویژه در دوره پیش از زایش، می‌تواند در کاهش اثرات منفی تنش‌گرمایی و بهبود عملکرد گاو در دوره شیردهی بعدی دارای مزایایی باشد. این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تاثیر برخی از ریزمغذی ها بر فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی گاوهای شیری در شرایط تنش‌گرمایی انجام شد.

مواد و روش ها: در این پژوهش از 24 راس گاو شیرده چند شکم زا در دوره انتقال استفاده شد. گاوها بصورت تصادفی به دوگروه 12 تایی تقسیم و هر گروه به یک تیمار آزمایشی اختصاص داده شدند. تیمارها شامل گروه شاهد: تنها از جیره متداول و بدون افزودن ریزمغذی و گروه دوم که علاوه بر جیره متداول، ریز مغذی‌ها را نیز به مدت 21 روز قبل از زایش دریافت می‌نمودند. بعد از زایمان هر یک از دوگروه فوق مجددا به دو گروه 6 تایی تقسیم شدند، بطوریکه در هر گروه یا با جیره فاقد ریزمغذی یا غنی شده با ریز مغذی تا 21 روز بعد از زایمان تغذیه گردیدند. مکمل حاوی ریز مغذی دوره انتظار زایش، شامل ریز مغذی‌های سلنیوم، مس، روی، کروم، ویتامین A، ویتامین E، منیزیوم، اسیدآسکوربیک و نیاسین بود و مکمل ریز مغذی دوره تازه‌زا علاوه بر ریز مغذی‌های فوق، حاوی سدیم و پتاسیم نیز بودند. میانگین شاخص دما-رطوبت در طی دوره آزمایش 74 بود و گاوها تحت تاثیر تنش‌گرمایی بودند. شرایط نگهداری، مدیریت تغذیه و محیطی برای تمامی دام‌ها در کل دوره آزمایش یکسان بود. تغییرات وزن، خوراک مصرفی و دمای رکتوم هر هفته، چهار ساعت پس از مصرف خوراک در دو روز متوالی تعیین گردید. وزن گوساله متولد شده، وزن جفت، میزان کلستروم تولیدی در طی سه دوشش اولیه، ثبت گردید.

یافته ها: میزان مصرف ماده خشک در دوره انتظار زایش در گروه دریافت کننده ریز مغذی بیشتر ازگروه شاهد بود که در هفته آخر آبستنی تفاوت معنی داری بین آنها مشاهده گردید(P<0/05) . هرچند که افزایش وزن در دوره انتظار زایش تحت تاثیر تیمار قرار نگرفت، ولی افزایش وزن بیشتری در گروه دریافت کننده ریز‌مغذی مشاهده شد. تعداد روزهای آبستنی در گاوهای دریافت کننده ریز مغذی طولانی تر از گروه کنترل بود .وزن تولد گوساله‌ها در گروه دریافت کننده ریز مغذی بیشتر از گروه شاهد بود. کلستروم تولیدی نیز در این گروه بیشتر بود. وزن از شیرگیری گوساله‌ها تحت تاثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت. خوراک مصرفی در دوره شیرواری در هفته اول شیردهی تحت تاثیر تیمار قرار گرفت و تیمار دریافت کننده ریز‌مغذی در دوره انتقال در هفته سوم بیشترین خوراک مصرفی را داشتند که به موازات آن تولید شیر این گروه نیز در این هفته بالاتر از بقیه گروه‌ها بوده است و اختلاف آن با سایر تیمار ها معنی‌دار بود(P<0/05) . ترکیبات شیر تحت تاثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (.(P>0/05

نتیجه گیری: این آزمایش نشان داد که تنش گرمایی می‌تواند تاثیر منفی بر عملکرد گاوهای شیری در طی دوره انتقال بگذارد و استفاده از ریز مغذی‌ها در این دوره می‌تواند اثرات مفید در ترمیم تنش ناشی از حرارت در گاوهای شیری، داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of some micronutrients on the quantity and quality of colostrum and milk produced during the transition period of dairy cows under heat stress conditions.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Esmaeil Hosseini 1
  • Abdolmansour Tahmasbi 2
  • Abas Ali Naserian 2
  • Mohsen Danesh Mesgharan 2
1 1PhD student, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Heat stress in most parts of the world has a negative effect on the performance of dairy cows and reduces milk production in dairy cows. Supplementation of cows with micronutrients (minerals and vitamins), especially in the close up period, can have benefits in reducing the negative effects of heat stress and improve the yield of cows during the next lactation period. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of some nutrients on the physiological and performance processes of dairy cows in heat stress.

Materials and methods: In this research, 24 multiparous dairy cows were used in the transition period. The cows were randomly divided into 2 groups of 12 and each group was assigned to a test treatment. Treatments include control group: only from the common diet and without nutritious additives and the second group, which in addition to the common diet, received a micronutrients for 21 days before parturition. After parturition, each of the control and treatment groups were again subdivided into two groups of 6, so that in each group, they were either fed with diets without micronutrients or enriched with micronutrients until 21 days after parturition.The supplement containing a micronutrient of the close up period, including micronutrients of selenium, copper, zinc, chromium, beta carotene, vitamin E, magnesium, ascorbic acid and niacin and the micronutrient supplementation of the freshly period in addition to the micronutrient above, contained sodium and potassium. The average temperature- humidity index was during the text period of 74 and cows were heat stress. The conditions of maintenance and management of nutrition and environment were the same for all the animals during the whole experiment period. Weight variations, feed intake and rectal temperature were determined each week 4 hours after feed intake in two consecutive days. The weight of the newborn calves, the weight of the placenta and the amount of colostrum produced during the first three milking was recorded.

Results: The amount of dry matter intake during close up was higher in the micronutrient intake group than the control group, and in the last week of pregnancy there was a significant difference between them (P<0/05). Although weight gain during the close up was not affected by treatment, more weight gain was observed in the group receiving micronutrients. The numbers of pregnant days in cows receiving micronutrients were longer than the control group. The birth weight of calves in cows receiving micronutrients was higher than the control group. colostrum was also more produced in this group. Calves weaning weight was not affected by treatments. Feed intake during the lactating period was affected in the first week of lactation and receiving micronutrients transition period treatment in the third week had the highest feed intake, which in parallel with this week the milk production of this group was higher than other groups and its difference with other treatments was significant(P<0/05). Milk composition were not affected by treatments (P>0/05).

Conclusion: This experiment showed that heat stress can have a negative effect on the performance of dairy cows during the transition period and the use of micronutrients in this period can have beneficial effects on the repair of heat stress in dairy cows.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • dairy cow
  • heat stress
  • micronutrient
  • transition period

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 11، شماره 3
آذر 1402
صفحه 63-80

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