اثر مصرف سطوح مختلف پودر آب پنیر در جیره بر عملکرد رشد، قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی، کیفیت لاشه و فراسنجه‌های خونی در بره‌های نر پرواری‌ آمیخته‌ زل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دوره دکتری تغذیه دام، دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 عضو هیات‌علمی گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری،

3 عضو هیات‌علمی ، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: بهره‌گیری از فرآورده‌های جانبی صنایع لبنی به عنوان منابع خوراکی جدید در راستای کاهش هزینه‌های پرورش دام اهمیت فراوانی دارد. پودر آب پنیر باقی مانده پنیر یا پروتیین کازئین شیر است که از پروتئین‌های حیوانی مورد استفاده در زنجیره غذائی انسانی می‌باشد. آب پنیر به دلیل دارای بودن تعادل مناسب مواد مغذی، قابلیت استفاده در جیره دام‌های پرواری را دارد. پودر آب پنیر می‌تواند باعث کاهش مصرف کنسانتره شود بدون اینکه هیچ گونه تاثیر منفی بر اضافه وزن روزانه و ضریب تبدیل خوراک داشته باشد، لذا هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف پودر آب پنیر در جیره بر عملکرد رشد، قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی و برخی فراسنجه‌های خونی بره‌های نر پرواری آمیخته زل بود.

مواد و روش‌ها: برای انجام این پژوهش تعداد 24 رأس بره پرواری آمیخته زل با میانگین سن 52/0±5/4 ماه و میانگین وزن اولیه 2±24 کیلوگرم در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی به مدت 90 روز مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل تیمار شاهد (بدون افزودن پودر آب پنیر در جیره) و تیمارهای حاوی 5/1، 3 و 5/4 درصد پودر آب پنیر در جیره بودند. تجزیه شیمیایی پودر آب پنیر مورد استفاده شامل pH، 8/5 الی 8/6، پروتئین خام 5/12 درصد، لاکتوز 64 درصد، چربی کل 5/1 درصد، رطوبت 5/4 درصد بود. پودر آب پنیر مورد استفاده در تحقیق در سطوح مختلف پس از مخلوط شدن با جیره مصرفی در اختیار دام‌های آزمایشی قرار گرفت. خوراک روزانه به صورت جیره کاملاً مخلوط در دو نوبت در اختیار دام‌ها قرار گرفت و مقدار مصرف روزانه آن ثبت شد. وزن‌کشی دام های آزمایشی هر 14 روز با رعایت 12 ساعت محرومیت از خوراک انجام شد. اندازه‌گیری قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی و فراسنجه‌های خونی، در روزهای پایانی آزمایش و نیز بررسی صفات لاشه، با کشتار دام های آزمایشی در روز 90 آزمایش انجام شد.

یافته‌ها: نتایج عملکرد رشد دام های آزمایشی نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌داری در وزن پایان دوره پروار، ماده خشک مصرفی و افزایش وزن روزانه بین تیمارهای آزمایشی وجود داشت (05/0>P)؛ طوری که بالاترین وزن پایانی و افزایش وزن روزانه در تیمار حاوی 5/4 درصد پودر آب پنیر و بیشترین ماده خشک مصرفی در تیمار حاوی 3 درصد پودر آب پنیر مشاهده شد. نتایج قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌داری در قابلیت هضم ظاهری ماده خشک، پروتئین خام و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی بین تیمارهای آزمایشی وجود داشت (05/0>P). بالاترین قابلیت هضم ظاهری ماده خشک و پروتئین خام در تیمار حاوی 5/4 درصد پودر آب پنیر و بالاترین قابلیت هضم ظاهری الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی در تیمار حاوی 3 درصد آب پنیر مشاهده شد. نتایج برخی فراسنجه‌های خونی نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌داری در غلظت گلوکز، تری‌گلیسرید، HDL و نیتروژن اوره‌ای خون بین تیمارهای آزمایشی وجود داشت (05/0>P). نتایج صفات کمی لاشه بره‌های پرواری نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌داری در وزن لاشه گرم، درصد لاشه گرم، وزن لاشه سرد، درصد لاشه سرد، درصد ران و درصد سردست بین تیمارهای آزمایشی وجود داشت (05/0>P). نتایج صفات کیفی لاشه بره‌های پرواری نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌داری در میزان اکسیداسیون چربی عضله راسته در 48 ساعت بعد از کشتار بین تیمارهای آزمایشی وجود داشت (05/0>P).

نتیجه‌گیری: نتیجه کلی تحقیق حاضر نشان داد که وزن پایان پروار، ماده خشک مصرفی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی با مصرف سطوح 3 و 5/4 درصد پودر آب پنیر بهبود یافت. درصد لاشه بالاتر و بهبود در قطعات با ارزش لاشه در تیمار حاوی 3 درصد پودر آب پنیر وجود داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different levels of whey powder on growth performances traits, apparent digestibility of nutrients, carcass quality and serum parameters in fattening male crossed Zell lambs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Hasanpour 1
  • Yadolla Chashnidel 2
  • Asdolah Teymoiri yansari 3
  • Zarbakht Ansari Pirsaraei 3
1 PhD student in animal nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2 Member of the Faculty of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
3 Member of the Faculty of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: The use of dairy by-products as a new feed source in order to reduce the costs of raising livestock is very important. Whey powder is a residual cheese or casein, which is one of the animal proteins used in the human food chain. It is also a feed source of protein and contains some useful minerals. Whey can be used in the diet of livestock due to its proper nutrient balance. Also, the fact that whey can reduce the consumption of concentrate without any negative effect on daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio, so the purpose of this study was performed to investigate the effect of using different levels of whey powder in diet on growth performances traits, apparent digestibility of nutrients and some blood parameters in fattening male crossed Zell lambs.

Materials and methods: To perform this study, 24 mixed fattening Zell lambs were examined with a means age of 4.5±0.52 months and a means initial weight of 24±2 kg in a completely randomized design for 90 days. Experimental treatments included control treatment (without adding whey powder in the diet) and treatments containing 1.5, 3 and 4.5% whey powder in the diet. Chemical analysis of whey powder used included pH, 6.8 to 5.8, protein 12.5%, lactose 64%, fat 1.5%, moisture 4.5%. Whey powder used in the study was given to the experimental animals at different levels after mixing with the diet. The daily diet was given as a TMR to the animal twice and the amount consumed was recorded. Live weight measurement was performed every 14 days with 12 hours of feed and water deprivation. Measurement of the apparent digestibility of nutrients in the last days of the experiment as well as the study of carcass traits and blood parameters were performed on day 90 of the experiment.

Results: The growth performance results of experimental lambs showed that there was a significant difference in end weight, DMI and daily weight gain between experimental treatments (P <0.05); So that the highest final weight and daily weight gain was observed in the treatment containing 4.5% whey and the highest dry matter intake was observed in the treatment containing 3% whey. The results of apparent digestibility of nutrients showed that there was a significant difference in apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and NDF between experimental treatments (P<0.05). The highest apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein was observed in the treatment containing 4.5% whey and the highest apparent digestibility of NDF was observed in the treatment containing 3% whey. The results of some blood parameters showed that there was a significant difference in the concentration of glucose, triglyceride, HDL and BUN between experimental treatments (P<0.05). The results of quantitative traits of carcasses of fattening lambs showed that there was a significant difference in hot carcass weight, hot carcass percentage, cold carcass weight, cold carcass percentage, thigh percentage and shoulder percentage between experimental treatments (P<0.05). The results of qualitative traits of carcasses of fattening lambs showed that there was a significant difference in the rate of TBARS of the straight muscle 48 hours after slaughter between experimental treatments (P <0.05).

Conclusion: The overall result of the present study showed that the weight at the end of the fattening period, dry matter intake and also the apparent digestibility of nutrients were significantly improved by consuming 3 and 4.5% levels of whey powder. There was a higher carcass percentage and improvement in valuable carcass parts in the treatment containing 3% whey powder.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fattening lambs
  • Whey powder
  • Nutrient digestibility
  • Growth performance
  • Blood parameters

مراجع

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 11، شماره 3
آذر 1402
صفحه 1-18

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