تاثیر مکمل‌سازی برخی عناصر کم‌نیاز بر عملکرد رشد، فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی، آنزیمی، آنتی-اکسیدانی، هورمونی و خون‌شناسی گوساله‌های شیرخوار هلشتاین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد، گروه علوم دامی دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گوساله‌های شیرخوار در معرض عوامل تنش‌زای مختلف نظیر فرآیند تولد، عوامل بیماری‌زا و تنش‌های محیطی هستند که باعث افزایش تولید رادیکال‌های فعال و تنش اکسیداتیو در گوساله‌ها می‌شود. مواد معدنی کمیاب بخشی از آنزیم‌های متعدد آنتی‌اکسیدانی بوده و برای حفظ بهینه سلامت ضروری هستند. مقدار مواد معدنی کمیاب آغوز و شیر بهینه نبوده و استفاده از مکمل این مواد معدنی در دوره شیرخوارگی ضروری است. بنابراین هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی اثر افزودن همزمان عناصر معدنی کمیاب آهن، روی، منگنز و مس بر عملکرد رشد، فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی، آنزیمی، آنتی‌اکسیدانی، هورمونی و خون‌شناسی گوساله‌های شیرخوار هلشتاین بود.
مواد و روش: تعداد 20 رأس گوساله نر و ماده یک‌روزه شیرخوار نژاد هلشتاین به‌طور تصادفی بر اساس وزن اولیه بدن (5±40 کیلوگرم) به دو گروه مساوی (10 رأس در هر گروه) تقسیم و در جایگاه‌های انفرادی تا 63 روزگی و زمان شیرگیری نگهداری شدند. گوساله‌های گروه شاهد جیره آغازین و شیر به همراه پروتئین آب پنیر به عنوان حامل عناصر معدنی و نیز گوساله‌های گروه تیمار به‌ترتیب شیر به‌همراه 15 قسمت در میلیون سولفات آهن، 6 قسمت در میلیون سولفات روی، 6 قسمت در میلیون سولفات منگز، 5/1 قسمت در میلیون سولفات مس و جیره آغازین پایه به همراه 100 قسمت در میلیون سولفات آهن، 40 قسمت در میلیون سولفات روی، 40 قسمت در میلیون سولفات منگنز و 10 قسمت در میلیون سولفات مس تا زمان قطع شیر در 63 روزگی دریافت کردند. گوساله‌ها در طول آزمایش دسترسی آزادانه به آب و جیره آغازین داشتند. مصرف خوراک به‌صورت روزانه و وزن کشی به صورت هفتگی جهت محاسبه ضریب تبدیل غذایی و متوسط افزایش وزن روزانه اندازه‌گیری شد. حیوانات جهت تعیین سطح مواد معدنی پلاسما و فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی، آنزیمی، هورمونی، آنتی‌اکسیدانی و خون‌شناسی در روزهای 0، 21، 42 و 63 پس از تولد خونگیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد مکمل مواد معدنی اثر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد رشد و فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و وضعیت اکسیدانی تام نداشت. غلظت عنصر روی پلاسما در گروه دریافت کننده مکمل بالاتر بود (05/0 P<). در گروه تیمار نسبت به گروه شاهد غلظت لیپوپروتئین‌های با چگالی بالا افزایش و غلظت لیپوپروتئین‌های با چگالی پایین کاهش یافت (05/0 P<). فعالیت آنزیم آلکالین فسفاتاز، تعداد گلبول‌های قرمز، غلظت هموگلوبین و هماتوکریت در گروه دریافت‌کننده عناصر معدنی کمیاب، افزایش یافت (05/0 P<). غلظت هورمون تری یدوتایرونین در پلاسمای گوساله‌های گروه تیمار افزایش یافت (05/0 P<).
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی افزودن عناصر معدنی کمیاب به شیر و جیره آغازین باعث بهبود عملکرد رشد و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گوساله‌های شیرخوار نشد، درحالی‌که برخی فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی، هورمونی و آنزیمی مرتبط با التهاب، استخوان‌سازی و سوخت‌و‌ساز پایه سلول‌ها در گوساله‌های شیرخوار بهبود یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of supplementation of some trace minerals on growth performance, biochemical, enzymatic, antioxidant, hormonal and hematological parameters in Holstein suckling calves

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Hossein Moazeni zadeh 1
  • Armin Towhidi 2
  • Mehdi Zhandi 2
  • kamran rezayazdi 2
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Suckling calves are exposed to different stressors such as birth, pathological factors and environmental factor stress which cause increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress. Trace minerals are a part of some antioxidative enzymes which are necessary for health maintenance. Trace mineral amount of colostrum and milk is not optimal and usage of trace mineral supplements are necessary for suckling calves. Therefore, the aim of this study was evaluation of adding a mixed supplement of trace minerals including copper, iron, zinc and manganese on growth performance, biochemical, enzymatic, antioxidant, hormonal and hematological parameters.
Materials and methods: A total of 20 day-old male and female suckling Holstein calves were randomly divided in to two equal groups (ten calves per group) based on initial body weight (40±5 Kg) and until weaning (day 63) they were kept in individual pens. the control group calves were fed with milk and starter diet including whey protein as trace mineral career and treatment group were fed with milk including 15 part per million (ppm) iron sulfate (FeSo4), 6 ppm zinc sulfate (ZnSo4), 6 ppm manganese sulfate (MnSo4) and 1.5 ppm copper sulfate (CuSo4) supplements and basal starter diet including 100 ppm FeSo4, 40 ppm ZnSo4, 40 ppm MnSo4 and 10 ppm Cuso4 supplement until weaning on day 63. During entire experimental period calves accessed starter diet and water ad libitum. Feed intake was calculated daily and calves were weighed weekly to calculate feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily gain. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, 42 and 63 to determine plasma trace mineral levels and biochemical, enzymatic, hormonal, antioxidant and hematological parameters.
Results: The results indicated that growth performance, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, total antioxidant capacity, and thyroxine (T4) concentration were not affected by trace mineral supplement. Although, plasma zinc concentration and high density lipoprotein concentration were recorded higher in animals received supplemented trace minerals (P<0/05), low density lipoproteins concentration was lower in the calves fed with trace mineral supplement (P<0/05). In addition to the parameters listed above, alkaline phosphatase concentration, red blood cells count, hemoglobin and hematocrit and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were significantly increased in the calves received trace minerals supplement (P<0/05).
Conclusion: Totally, supplemental trace minerals could not improve growth performance and enzymatic antioxidant activity of suckling Holstein calves; however, some biochemical, hormonal and enzymatic parameters related to inflammation, ossification, and cellular basal metabolism were improved in suckling calves.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant status
  • Suckling calves
  • Trace minerals

مراجع

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 11، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1402
صفحه 75-92

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