خصوصیات‌سیلویی، تخمیرپذیری، قابلیت هضم، انرژی و پروتئین قابل متابولیسم سیلاژ علوفه سه رقم جدید آمارانت (Amaranthus hypochondriacus)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات تغذیه دام و طیور، موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران،

2 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات تغذیه دام و طیور، موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

3 استادیار ،مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گلستان، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کاهش نزولات جوی، گرم‌تر شدن زمین و کمبود منابع آبی از جمله آثار مخرب تغییرات اقلیمی می باشد لذا معرفی گیاهان کم آب‌بر و مقاوم به گرما و خشکی به‌عنوان منابع گیاهان علوفه‌ای جدید، ضروری به‌نظر می رسد. در این راستا، کشت علوفه کم‌آب‌بر و مقاوم به‌خشکی مانند ارقام جدید گیاه آمارانت، در دستورکار قرار گرفت. البته اطلاعات اندکی از نحوه سیلوسازی و ارزش تغذیه‌ای علوفه ارقام جدید آمارانت کشت شده در استان گرم و مرطوب گلستان، موجود می باشد که هدف این پژوهش، تعیین خصوصیات‌سیلویی، تخمیرپذیری، قابلیت هضم، انرژی و پروتئین قابل‌متابولیسم علوفه سه رقم جدید آمارانت کشت‌شده در استان گلستان، بود.
مواد و روش پژوهش: علوفه سه رقم جدید آمارانت شامل لورآ، سیم و خارکفسکی، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی عراقی‌محله در استان گلستان کشت و در زمان گلدهی برداشت شدند. علوفه‌ها به قطعات دو الی چهار سانتی‌متر خرد و با نسبت وزنی پنج درصد ملاس و نیز پنج درصد کاه گندم مخلوط شده و در ظرف‌های ده کیلوگرمی سیلو شدند. پس از گذشت 45 روز، در آزمایشگاه مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی کشور، سیلوها بازگشایی شده و ارزیابی ظاهری-حسی و خصوصیات سیلویی تیمارهای آزمایشی انجام شد. سپس ترکیبات شیمیایی شامل ماده خشک (مزرعه‌ای و سیلویی)، پروتئین خام، خاکستر خام، چربی خام و قند محلول در آزمایشگاه اندازه‌گیری شد. آزمایش‌های تولیدگاز با استفاده از شیرابه شکمبه سه رأس گاو تالشی فیستول‌گذاری شده شکمبه (در زمان‌های مختلف تخمیر شامل 2، 4، 6، 8، 12، 24، 48، 72، 96 ساعت)، قابلیت هضم، تعیین انرژی و پروتئین قابل متابولیسم (در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با شش تیمار در سه تکرار) انجام شد. درنهایت، انرژی و پروتئین قابل متابولیسم و نیز خوراک مصرفی روزانه تیمارهای آزمایشی بدست آمدند.
یافته‌ها: ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، چربی خام، خاکستر خام، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی، قند محلول و کربوهیدرات غیرفیبری سیلوی علوفه رقم لورآ به‌ترتیب 0/23، 8/18، 97/0، 2/21، 5/30، 5/2 و 6/28 درصد ماده خشک شد. مجموع ارزیابی ظاهری-حسی، نقطه فلیگ، نیتروژن آمونیاکی (میلی‌گرم)، اسیداستیک (میلی‌گرم)، اسیدلاکتیک (میلی‌گرم)، اسیدپروپیونیک در سیلوی علوفه رقم لورآ به‌ترتیب 8/15، 7/78، 4/4، 4/18، 0/45 و 1/15 شدند. تولید گاز سیلوی رقم‌های لورآ، سیم و خارکفسکی (در زمان 24 ساعت تخمیر شکمبه‌ای به ازای 200 میلی‌گرم) به‌ترتیب 3/45، 9/43 و 1/42 میلی‌لیتر بود. قابلیت هضم ماده‌خشک , ماده آلی در سیلوی علوفه رقم لورآ به‌ترتیب 5/66 و 2/70 درصد شد. مقادیرانرژی قابل هضم، انرژی قابل متابولیسم، انرژی خالص و قابلیت هضم (ماده خشک، ماده آلی و ماده آلی در ماده خشک) علوفه و سیلاژ رقم لورا بیشتر از دو رقم دیگر بود. ارزش نسبی علوفه‌ای، کیفیت نسبی تغذیه‌ای و ضریب خوراک مصرفی (گرم در روز به ازای کیلوگرم وزن زنده در شرایط نگهداری) در علوفه سیلوی شده آمارانت (رقم لورآ) به‌ترتیب 3/122، 0/108 و 8/43 شد.
نتیجه‌گیری کلی: سیلوی علوفه رقم لورآ بدلیل داشتن خصوصیات سیلویی بهتر و پروتئین‌خام، تولیدگاز، قابلیت هضم بیشتر و پروتئین و انرژی قابل‌متابولیسم بالاتر و نیز ارزش نسبی علوفه‌ای، کیفیت نسبی تغذیه‌ای و خوراک مصرفی مناسب‌تر نسبت به بقیه تیمارهای آزمایشی، دارای کیفیت بهتری برای تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Silage characterization, fermentability, digestibility, metabolizable energy and protein on forages silage of three new cultivars of Amaranthus hypochondriacus

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amirreza Safaei 1
  • Alireza Aghashahi 2
  • MohammadTaghi Feyzbakhsh 3
1 Assistant Professor of Livestock and Poultry Nutrition Research Department, National Animal Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Animal and Poultry Nutrition Research Department, National Animal Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
3 Professor Assistant at Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and aim: One of the destructive effects of climate change is the reduction of precipitation and global warming which is leading to shortage of water resources. Therefore, it seems necessary to introduce water-resistant plants that are resistant to heat and drought (as sources of new forage plants). In this regard, the cultivation of dehydrated and drought-resistant forage (such as new cultivars of amaranth) was on the agenda. There is little information about the silage formation and nutritional value of forage of new Amaranth cultivars (in hot and humid Golestan province). The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of silage, fermentability, digestibility, energy and metabolizable forage protein of three new cultivars of amaranth cultivated in Golestan province. Materials and Methods: Forage of three new Amaranth cultivars including Laura, Sim and Kharkovsky. They were grown on a research farm Arqi-mahaleh in Golestan province and harvested at the time of flowering. These forages were chopped into pieces of two to four centimeters and mixed with a weight ratio of five percent molasses and five percent wheat straw. They were stored in silage in 10kg buckets. After 45 days (in the laboratory of the Animal Science Research Institute), the silos were reopened. Sensory evaluation and silage properties of experimental treatments, were measured. Then chemical compounds including dry matter (field and silage), crude protein, crude ash, crude fat, soluble sugar, were analyzed. Gas production test (by Menke and Steingass method) using ruminal leachate of three cows (by ruminal fistulation) and at different fermentation times including 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours were done. Digestibility, determination of energy and metabolizable protein (in a completely randomized design with six treatments in three replications) was performed. In final, metabolizable energy and protein as well as daily dietary intake of experimental treatments, were obtained. Results: Dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate and non-fiberous carbohydrates in forage silage of Laura cultivar were 23.0, 18.8, 0.97, 21.2, 30.5, 2.5 and 28.6 percent, respectively In Laura forage silage, total sensory evaluation, flag point, ammonia nitrogen (mg), acetic acid (mg), lactic acid (mg), propionic acid were 15.8, 7.78, 4.4, 18.4, 0.45 And 1.15 respectively. Gas production in silos of Laura, Sim and Kharkovsky cultivars (during 24 hours of rumen fermentation per 200 mg) were 45.3, 43.9 and 42.1 ml, respectively. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility in forage silage of Laura cultivar were 66.5 and 70.2 percent, respectively. The amounts of digestible energy, metabolizable energy, net energy and digestibility (dry matter, organic matter and organic matter in dry matter) of fodder and silage of Laura cultivar were higher than the other two cultivars. Relative forage value, relative nutritional quality and feed ratio (g / day / kg body weight during maintenance) in amaranthus silage (Laura cultivar) were 122.3, 108.0 and 43.8, respectively. Conclusion: Laura forage silage has better silage characteristics and crude protein, gas production, higher digestibility, higher protein and metabolizable energy, as well as relative forage value, relative feed quality and better-feed intake. This silage had a better quality for ruminant nutrition than other silage experimental treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amaranthus silage
  • characterization silage
  • gas production
  • digestibility
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