اثر روش‌های فرآوری دانه جو و منابع نیتروژن غیر‌پروتئینی جیره غذایی بر عملکرد، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و خصوصیات لاشه در بره‌های پرواری نژاد افشاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری،

2 دانشیار ،گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

3 استاد ، گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

4 استادیار ، گروه تغذیه دام و طیور، دانشکده علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: با توجه به این که فرآوری مواد خوراکی ممکن است باعث افزایش عملکرد در دام گردد. امروزه برخی از روش های فرآوری دانه غلات مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. از طرفی، کمبود خوراک دام، به‌خصوص با توسعه روش‌های صنعتی پرورش دام، دامداران و پژوهشگران را بر آن داشت تا به فکر شناسایی و استفاده از پسمانده های کشاورزی و دامپروری و منابع جدید خوراکی در تغذیه دام باشند که از آن جمله به مصرف کود مرغی و اوره در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان اشاره کرد. با توجه به اینکه تحقیقی در زمینه اثر روش‌های فرآوری دانه جو و منابع نیتروژن غیرپروتئینی جیره غذایی بر عملکرد رشد و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و خصوصیات لاشه در بره های پرواری نژاد افشاری انجام نشده بود، لذا بر این اساس تحقیق حاضر انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش ها: این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هفت تیمار شامل گروه شاهد حاوی دانه جو کامل (بدون آسیاب کردن) و بدون اوره و کود مرغی، تیمارهای 2 و 3 و 4 به‌ترتیب با روش فرآوری مختلف آسیاب کردن، پرک کردن و پلت کردن با سطح معین اوره (1درصد) و تیمارهای 5 و 6 و 7 به‌ترتیب با روش فرآوری مختلف آسیاب کردن، پرک کردن و پلت کردن با سطح معین کود مرغی (12 درصد) بر روی بره‌های پرواری افشاری انجام گرفت. به هر تیمار تعداد 5 رأس بره پرواری در سن 3 ماهگی به وزن 1±24 اختصاص داده شد که به صورت انفرادی در قفس های جداگانه به مدت 14 روز دوره عادت‌پذیری و 84 روز دوره پروار نگه‌داری شدند. ماده خشک، خاکستر، الیاف خام، چربی خام و پروتئین خام با استفاده از روش (AOAC، 2000)، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده‌ی خنثی و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده‌ی اسیدی بر اساس روش ون‌سوست و همکاران (1991) تعیین گردید (51). در پایان دوره پروار سه رأس از هر تیمار به‌طور تصادفی کشتار شده و وزن لاشه گرم و وزن لاشه سرد و اجزا آن اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: مقدار خوراک مصرفی روزانه، افزایش وزن روزانه و ضریب تبدیل خوراک بین تیمارهای آزمایشی تفاوت معنی-داری داشت. قابلیت هضم ظاهری ماده خشک و ماده آلی تفاوت معنی‌دار داشت و تیمار شاهد (دانه جو کامل بدون اوره و کود مرغی) بیشترین قابلیت هضم ظاهری را داشت. قابلیت هضم در کربوهیدرات غیر الیافی تفاوت معنی‌دار داشت به‌طوری-که تیمار 5 (روش فرآوری آسیاب کردن به همراه کود مرغی) بالاترین قابلیت هضم ظاهری را داشت. تیمارهای آزمایشی بر وزن ران، وزن گردن، وزن دنبه، وزن چربی بطنی، طول لاشه و طول نیم لاشه معنی‌دار بودند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که روش‌های فرآوری دانه جو به همره منابع نیتروژن غیرپروتئینی تأثیر معنی‌دار بر افزایش وزن روزانه، ماده خشک مصرفی، ضریب تبدیل غذایی، برخی از اندام‌های بره‌های پرواری، قابلیت هضم ماده خشک و ماده آلی با گروه شاهد داشت. به‌طور کلی می‌توان در جیره بره‌های پرواری از فرآوری دانه جو به همراه اوره (1 درصد) و کود مرغی (12 درصد) بدون اثرات مضر بر فراسنجه‌های تولیدی و عملکرد پروار، استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects processing methods of barley grain and Non-protein nitrogen sources on performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of Afshari breeding fattening lambs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahman Ghorbani 1
  • Yadollah Chashnidel 2
  • Asadollah Teimori yanesari 3
  • Abdolhakim Toghdory 4
1 PhD student, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources,
2 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: As respects Food processing may increase livestock performance. Today some methods of grain processing have been considered. On the other hand, lack of animal feed, especially with the development of industrial methods of animal husbandry waste in many parts of the world, has led farmers and researchers to think about identifying and using agricultural and livestock waste and new food sources for animal nutrition, including poultry manure. And urea is mentioned in the diet of ruminants. Due to the fact that no research has been done on the effect of barley grain processing methods and non-protein nitrogen sources in the diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics in of Afshari breeding fattening lambs, the present study was conducted.
Materials and methods: This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with seven treatments including a control treatment containing whole barley grain (without milling) and without urea and chicken manure, treatments 2, 3 and 4 respectively containing processing method of milling, filling and pelleting with a certain level of urea. (1%) And treatments 5, 6 and 7 containing processing methods of milling, filling and pelleting with a certain level of poultry manure (12%) were performed on Afshari breeding fattening lambs. Each treatment consisted of 5 fattening lambs at the age of 3 months 24±1 which were kept individually in separate cages for 14 days of acclimatization period and 84 days of fattening period. Dry matter, ash, crude fiber, crude fat and crude protein were determined using the method (AOAC, 2000), Neutral detergent fiber and Acid detergent fiber based on the method of Van Soest et al (1991). At the end of the rearing period, three heads from each treatment were randomly sacrificed and hot carcass weight and cold carcass weight and its components were measured.
Results: The number of daily feed intakes, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly different between experimental treatments. The apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were significantly different, and the control treatment (whole barley grain without urea and poultry manure) had the highest apparent digestibility. Digestibility in non-fibrous carbohydrates was significantly different, so that treatment 5 (processing method of milling with poultry manure) had the highest apparent digestibility. Experimental treatments were significant on thigh weight, neck weight, tail weight, ventricular fat weight, carcass length and half-carcass length.
Conclusion: The results showed that barley grain processing methods with non-protein nitrogen sources had a significant effect on daily weight gain, dry matter consumption, feed conversion ratio, some organs of fattening lambs, digestibility of dry matter, and organic matter compared to the control group. In general, it is possible to use barley grain processing with urea (1%) and poultry manure (12%) in the diet of fattening lambs without harmful effects on production parameters and fattening performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barley grain processing
  • Carcass characteristics
  • Non-protein nitrogen
  • Nutrient digestibility
  • Performance

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 11، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1402
صفحه 19-36

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