تاثیر حذف جیره‌های آنیونیک بر پاسخ متابولیکی، تولید شیر و عملکرد تولیدمثلی گاوهای هلشتاین طی دوره انتقال

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی دام، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 دانشیار ، گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری،

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

4 کارشناس ،شرکت شیر و گوشت مهدشت ساری

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: اگر چه عدم توازن مواد مغذی نقشی در سبب شناسی بروز هیپوکلسیمی نداشته و وجود نقص در سازگاری فیزیولوژیکی دلیل عمده‌ی بروز است، متداول‌ترین فرآیندهای مورد استفاده برای پیشگیری از بروز هیپوکلسیمی تغذیه‌ای بوده و شامل به‌کارگیری برخی عوامل مدیریتی در جیره حیوانات نزدیک به زمان زایش است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تآثیر حذف جیره‌های آنیونیک بر پاسخ متابولیکی، تولید شیر و عملکرد تولید‌مثلی گاوهای هلشتاین طی دوره انتقال بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: دویست رآس گاو هلشتاین با نوبت زایش 0/1 ± 0/3، نمره وضعیت بدنی 5/0 ± 50/3 و وزن بدن 0/45 ±740 کیلوگرم، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به تیمارهای آزمایشی اختصاص داده شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1- جیره شاهد (تفاوت آنیون-کاتیون100+ میلی اکی‌والان در کیلوگرم ماده خشک مصرفی) و 2- جیره آنیونیک (تفاوت آنیون-کاتیون100- میلی اکی‌والان در کیلوگرم ماده خشک مصرفی) بود. تغذیه جیره‌ها از سه هفته مانده به زایش شروع و تا زمان زایش ادامه یافت. غلظت‌های سرمی کلسیم، فسفر و منیزیم در زمان زایش (0)، 6 ،12 ،24 ،36 و 48 ساعت بعد از زایش اندازه‌گیری شدند. غلظت اسیدهای چرب غیراستریفه، بتاهیدروکسی بوتیرات و آنزیم‌های کبدی در روزهای 7 و 14 بعد از زایمان ارزیابی شدند. ماده خشک مصرفی در 48 ساعت اول پس از زایمان بررسی شد. تولید شیر روزانه طی 23 روز اول شیردهی ثبت شد و پس از آن به‌طور ماهانه به‌مدت دو ماه ثبت شد.
یافته‌ها: میانگین تولید شیر (55/0±27/39 در مقابل 73/0±39/40 کیلوگرم در روز) در گروهی که نمک آنیونیک مصرف کردند به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از گروه شاهد بود. میانگین ماده خشک مصرفی (13/0±90/12 در مقابل 12/0±10/12 کیلوگرم در روز) در گروهی که نمک آنیونیک مصرف کردند به‌طور معنی‌داری کمتر از گروه شاهد بود. جیره‌های آنیونیک هیچ اثری بر غلظت فسفر، منیزیم، اسیدهای چرب غیراستریفه و بتاهیدروکسی بوتیرات خون در مقایسه با گاوهای شاهد نداشت. غلظت کلسیم تنها در 24 و 48 ساعت اول پس از زایش در گروهی که جیره آنیونیک مصرف کردند، بیشتر از گروه شاهد بود (05/0>P).. نتایج نشان داد استفاده از جیره‌های آنیونیک در مقایسه با گروه شاهد درصد سخت‌زایی، جفت‌ماندگی، متریت و هیپوکلسیمی تحت بالینی را کاهش داد و تاثیری بر درصد بروز اندومتریت، هیپوکلسیمی بالینی و کیست‌های تخمدانی نداشت (05/0<P). نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد، که پس از زایمان جیره‌های آنیونیک اثر معنی‌داری بر فاصله زایش تا اولین تلقیح، فاصله زایش تا آبستنی و درصد گیرایی اولین تلقیح داشتند. اما تفاوت معنی‌داری بین گروه‌های آزمایشی از نظر میانگین تعداد تلقیح به هر ازای آبستنی و درصد گیرایی کل تلقیحات تا روز 180 شیردهی مشاهده نشد (05/0<P).
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد استفاده از جیره‌های آنیونیک سبب افزایش تولید شیر شد و با بهبود سلامت دام پس از زایش درصد گیرایی اولین تلقیح پس از زایش را افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Anionic diets withdraw on metabolic response,, milk production and reproductive performance of Holstein cows during transition period

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sajjedeh Sharifi 1
  • Essa Dirandeh 2
  • Hamid Deldar 3
  • Ammar Mollaei 4
1 Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
2 Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University
3 Department of Animal Science,, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural resources university
4 Mahdasht milk and meat Company
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Although nutrient imbalance does not play a role in the etiology of hypocalcemia and the existence of defects in physiological adaptations is the main cause of occurrences, the most common processes used to prevent the occurrences of hypocalcemia are nutritional and involve the use of some factors. Management in animal diets is close to calving. The aim if this study was to consider the effects of Anionic diets withdraw on metabolic response and productive and reproductive performance of Holstein cows during transition period.
Materials and methods: Holstein cows (n = 200) with averaged parity 3.0±1.0 and BCS 3.5±0.5 randomly selected according to previous milk yield and assigned into one of two treatments: 1) control deit (DCAD= +100 mEq/kg dietary DM) and 2) Anionis diets (DCAD= -100 mEq/kg dietary DM). Diets fed from 3 week before expecting calving. At calving, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after calving and at 7, 14, 44 and 74 DIM serum concentrations of Ca, P and Mg were measured. Blood metabolites and liver enzymes were assessed on d 7 and 14 after calving. Dry matter intake (DMI) was monitored within the first 24 h of calving. Milk yield was recorded daily through 23 DMI thereafter it was recorded monthly until 2 months of lactation.
Results: The yield of milk was greater in cows fed anionic diet compared to control group (40.39±0.73 vs. 39.27±0.55) within 3 weeks of lactation. Dry matter intake was lower in cows fed anionic diet compared to control group (12.10±0.12 vs. 12.90±0.13). Serum concentrations of P, Mg, beta-hydroxy butyric acid and non-esterified fatty acids were similar between groups. Mean concentrations of Ca in serum were not different between treatment groups at calving (0), 6 and 12 h after calving but were higher at 24 and 48 h after calving for cows that received anionic diets (P < 0.05). Incidence rates of dystocia, retained placenta and subclinical hypocalcaemia (P < 0.05) were less in cows received anionic diets. There were no differences between two groups in the incidence rate of clinical hypocalcaemia, endometritis and ovarian cysts (P > 0.05). Number of days to first service was shorter, the conception rate at first service was greater and open days was shorter in cows received anionic diets (P < 0.05). However, services per conception and Cows pregnant before 180 DIM were unchanged between two groups.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the anionic diets increased milk production and first service conception rate via improve in health status of dairy cows.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anionic
  • production and reproduction
  • transition period
  • dairy cow

مراجع

Al-Eknah, M.M. and Noakes, D.E. 1989. A preliminary study on the effect of induced hypocalcaemia and nifedipine on uterine activity in the parturient cow. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 12: 237–239.
Bisinotto, R.S., Chebel, R.C. and Santos, J.E. 2010. Follicular wave of the ovulatory follicle and not cyclic status influences fertility of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 93: 3578-3587.
Boda, J.M. and Cole, H.H. 1956. Calcium metabolism with special references to parturient paresis (milk fever) in dairy cattle: A review. Journal of Dairy Science, 39: 1027-1054.
Chamberlin, W.G., Middleton, J.R., Spain, J.N., Johnson, G.C., Ellersieck, M.R. and Pithua, P. 2013. Subclinical hypocalcemia, plasma biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, postpartum disease, and fertility in postparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 96: 7001–7013.
Chapinal, N., Carson, M.E., LeBlanc, S.J., Leslie, K.E., Godden, S., Capel, M., Santos, J.E.P., Overton, M.W. and Duffield, T.F. 2012. The association of serum metabolites in the transition period with milk production and early lactation reproductive performance. Journal of Dairy Science, 95: 5676- 5682.
Charbonneau, E., Pellerin, D. and Oetzel, G.R. 2006. Impact of lowering dietary cation-anion difference in nonlactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 537-548.
Dhiman, T. and Sasidharan, V. 1999. Effectiveness of calcium chloride in increasing blood calcium concentrations of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science, 77: 1597–1605.
Galvao, K.N., Frajblat, M., Butler, W.R., Brittin, S.B., Guard, C.L. and Gilbert, R.O. 2010. Effect of early postpartum ovulation on fertility in dairy cows. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 45: 207-211.
Goff, J.P., Horst, R.L. and Jardon, P.W. 1996. Field trials of an oral calcium propionate paste as an aid to prevent milk fever in periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 79: 378-383.
Goff, J.P. 2000. Pathophysiology of calcium and phosphorus disorders. Veterinary clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 16: 319-337.
Goff, J.P. and Koszewski, N.J. 2018. Comparison of 0.46% calcium diets with and without added anions with a 0.7% calcium anionic diet as a means to reduce periparturient hypocalcemia. Journal of Dairy Science, 101: 5033–5045.
Guard, C.L. 1996. Fresh cow problems are costly; culling hurts the most. Hoard's Dairyman, 141:8.
Hansen, S.S., Blom, J.Y., Ersboll, A. and Jorgensen, R.J. 2003. Milk fever control in Danish dairy herds. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica , 97: 137-139.
Hu, W. and Murphy, M.R. 2004. Dietary cation-anion difference effects on performance and acid-base status of lactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 87: 2222–2229.
Jahani-Moghadam, M., Teimouri Yansari, A., Chashnidel, Y., Dirandeh, E. and Mahjoubi, E. 2020. Short- and long-term effects of postpartum oral bolus v. subcutaneous Ca supplements on blood metabolites and productivity of Holstein cows fed a prepartum anionic diet. Animal, 14: 983-990.
Joyce, P.W., Sanchez, W.K. and Goff, W.K. 1997. Effect of anionic salts in prepartum diets based on alfalfa. Journal of Dairy Science, 80: 2866-2875.
Khachlouf, K., Hamed, H., Gdoura, R. and Gargouri, A. 2019. Effects of dietary Zeolite supplementation on milk yield and composition and blood minerals status in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 47: 54-62.
Kimura, K., Reinhardt, T.A. and Goff, J.P. 2006. Parturition and hypocalcemia blunts calcium signals in immunecells of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 2588-2595.
Kerwin, A.L., Ryan, C.M., Leno, B.M., Jakobsen, M., Theilgaard, P. and Overton, T.R. 2017. The effect of feeding sodium aluminum silicate in the prepartum period on serum mineral concentrations in multiparous Holstein Cows. Presented at the 2017 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Lean, I., DeGaris, P., McNeil, D.M. and Block, E. 2006. Hypocalcemia in dairy cows: meta-analysis and dietary cation anion difference theory revisited. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 669–684.
Martín-Tereso, J., Wijlen, H.T., Laar, H.V. and Verstegen, M.W.A. 2014. Peripartal calcium homoeostasis of multiparous dairy cows fed rumen-protected rice bran or a lowered dietary cation/anion balance diet before calving. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 98: 775–784.
Martinez, N., Risco, C.A., Lima, F.S., Bisinotto, R.S., Greco, L.F. and Santos, P. 2012. Evaluation of peripartal calcium status, energetic profile, and neutrophil function in dairy cows at low or high risk of developing uterine disease. Journal of Dairy Science, 95: 7158-7172.
Martinez, N., Sinedino, L.D.P., Bisinotto, R.S., Daetz, R., Lopera, C., Risco, C.A., K.N. Galvão, K.N., Thatcher, W.W. and Santos, J.E.P. 2016a. Effects of oral calcium supplementation on mineral and acid-base status, energy metabolites and health of postpartum dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 99: 8397-8416.
Martinez, N., Sinedino, L.D.P., Bisinotto, R.S., Daetz, R., Risco, C.A., Galvão, K.N., Thatcher, W.W. and Santos, J.E.P. 2016b. Effects of oral calcium supplementation on productive and reproductive performance in Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 99: 8417-8430.
McNally, J.C., Crowe, M.A., Roche, J.F. and Beltman, M.E. 2014. Effects of physiological and or disease status on the response of postpartum dairy cows to synchronization of estrus using an intravaginal progesterone device. Theriogenology, 82: 1263-1272.
Melendez, P., Donovan, A., Risco, C.A., Hall, M.B., Littell, R. and Goff, J.P. 2002. Metabolic responses to transition Holstein cows fed anionic salts and supplemented at calving with calcium and energy. Journal of Dairy Science, 85:1085-1092.
Mohebbi-Fani, M. and Azadnia, P. 2012. The effect of subcutaneous injection of calcium borogluconate on serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in newly calved cows. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 21: 1647–1652.
Moore, S.J., Vander, M.J., Sharma, B.K., Pilbeam, T.E., Beede, D.K., Bucholtz, H.F., Liesman, J.S., Horst, R.L. and Goff, J.P. 2000. Effects of altering dietary difference on calcium and energy metabolism in peripartum cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 83: 2095–2104.
Oetzel, G.R. 1988. Parturient paresis and hypocalcemia in ruminant livestock. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 4: 351–364.
Oetzel, G.R., Fettman, M.J., Hamar, D.W. and Olsen, J.D. 1991. Screening of anionic salts for palatability, effects on acid-base status, and urinary calcium excretion in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 7: 965–71.
Oetzel, G.R. 2011. Non-infectious diseases: Milk Fever in Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences. Vol. 2. Academic Press, San Diego. 268 p.
Oetzel, G.R. and Miller, B.A. 2012. Effect of oral calcium bolus supplementation on early lactation health and milk yield in commercial dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science, 95: 7051-7065.
Reinhardt, T.A., Lippolis, J.D., McCluskey, B.J., Goff, J.P. and Horst, R.L. 2011. Prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy herds. The Veterianry Journal, 188: 122–124.
Ribeiro, E., Lima, F., Greco, L., Bisinotto, R., Monteiro, A., Favoreto, M., Ayres, H., Marsola, R.S., Martinez, N., Thatcher, W. and Santos, J. 2013. Prevalence of periparturient diseases and impacts on fertility of seasonally calving grazing dairy cows supplemented with concentrates. Journal of Dairy Science, 96: 5682–5697.
Santos, J.E.P, Rutigliano, H.M. and Sa Filho, M.F. 2009. Risk factors for resumption of postpartum estrous cycles and embryonic survival in lactating dairy cows. Animal Reproduction Science, 110: 207-221.
Seifi, H., Mohri, A., Farzaneh, M., Nemati, N. and VahidiNejhad, S. 2010. Effects of anionic salts supplementation on blood pH and mineral status, energy metabolism, reproduction and production in transition dairy cows. Research in Veterinary Science, 89: 72–77.
Sammad, A., Khan, M.Z., Abbas, Z., Hu, L., Ullah, Q., Wang, Y., Zhu, H. and Wang, Y. 2022. Major nutritional metabolic alterations influencing the reproductive system of postpartum dairy cows. Metabolites, 12: 60.
Timothy, A., Reinhardt, A., John, D., Lippolis, A., Brian, J., McCluskey, B., Goff, J.P., Ronald, L. and Horst, L. 2011. Prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy herds, The Veterinary Journal, 188: 122-124.
Drackley, J.K., Dann, H.M., Douglas, N., Guretzky, N.A.J., Litherland, N.B., Underwood, J.P. and Loor, J.J. 2005. Physiological and pathological adaptations in dairy cows that may increase susceptibility to periparturient diseases and disorders. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 4: 323-344.
Wilkens, M.R., Nelson, C.D., Hernandez, L.L. and McArt, J.A.A. 2020. Symposium review: Transition cow calcium homeostasis Health effects of hypocalcemia and strategies for prevention. Journal of Dairy Science, 103: 2909-2927.
Wu, W.X., Liu, J.X., Xu, G.Z. and Ye, J.A. 2008. Calcium homeostasis acid-base balance and health status in preparturient Holstein cows fed diets with low cation-anion difference. Livestock Science, 117: 7-14.
نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 10، شماره 4
اسفند 1401
صفحه 89-104

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار