مقایسه ترکیبات شیمیایی، خصوصیات تخمیر و ارزش غذایی ارقام مختلف سورگوم علوفه ای سیلو شده به روش آزمون تولید گاز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کاشت گیاهان علوفه‌ای با توان تولید و کیفیت بالا و سازگار با شرایط آب و هوایی ایران به دلیل کمبود علوفه در ایران مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته‌است. امروزه علاوه بر ارقام بومی متداول، کشت ارقام هیبرید پر محصول سورگوم در ایران رو به افزایش است. سورگوم نه تنها از عملکرد بالائی برخوردار است بلکه با شرایط اقلیمی اکثر مناطق ایران به خصوص مناطق خشک و معتدل سازگاری خوبی دارد. سورگوم از مهم ترین گیاهان علوفه‌ای مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک دنیاست که به علت سازگاری با شرایط گرم و تا حدی شوری خاک و بالا بودن بازده مصرف آب می‌تواند تولید خوبی داشته باشد. این گیاه قادر است که آب را بهتر دیگر علوف ها جذب کند .هدف از این تحقیق تعیین میزان عملکرد، ترکیبات شیمیایی ، خواص سیلویی ونیزتخمین انرژی متابولیسمی، قابلیت هضم ماده آلی ، قابلیت هضم ماده آلی در ماده خشک و اسیدهای چرب فرار به روش تولید گاز ارقام سورگوم علوفه ای بود.
مواد و روش ها: ااین آزمایش به منظور تعیین میزان عملکرد، ترکیبات شیمیایی، خواص‌سیلویی، تخمین انرژی‌متابولیسمی و اسیدهای چرب‌‌ فرار، قابلیت هضم ماده‌آلی، قابلیت هضم ماده‌آلی در ماده خشک ارقام سورگوم علوفه‌ای شامل: ICRISAT520×R166، ICRISAT625×R165، ICRISAT623×R165، ICRISAT632×R165 و speed feed (اسپیدفید) به روش تولید‌گاز در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با پنج تکرار انجام شده‌است. ارقام سورگوم خرد‌شده در قطعات 2 سانتیمتری در سطل‌های 10 کیلویی فشرده و ذخیره‌گردید. بعد از 45 روز ماده خشک، پروتئین‌خام، چربی‌خام، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده‌اسیدی و خاکستر‌خام، قندهای‌محلول و ازت آمونیاکی مواد سیلویی اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته ها: :بیشترین عملکرد ماده خشک و پروتئین‌خام ( کیلوگرم در هکتار) مربوط به سورگوم رقم ICRISAT520 ×R166 و کمترین عملکرد مربوط به سورگوم اسپیدفید بود. نتایج نشان‌داد که هیبرید های سیلو‌شده در این آزمایش از نظر درصد ماده خشک، ماده‌آلی، پروتئین خام، چربی‌خام، خاکستر‌خام، الیاف‌نامحلول در شوینده‌اسیدی، قندهای‌محلول و ازت‌آمونیاکی اختلاف معنی‌داری با‌هم دارند. رقم ICRISAT625×165 دارای بیشترین مقدار گاز‌تجمعی، انرژی متابولیسمی، قند‌محلول، اسیدهای چرب فرار و چربی‌خام بود. اما‌‌ رقم‌های ICRISAT520 ×R166و ICRISAT632×R165 دارای مقادیر کمتری بودند. اختلاف بین ارقام سورگوم از نظر تخمین میزان قابلیت هضم ماده‌آلی‌و قابلیت‌هضم‌ ماده‌آلی در ماده‌خشک با استفاده از میزان گاز تولیدی معنی‌دار نبود.
نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، رقم ICRISAT520×R166 از نقطه نظر تولید ماده خشک (18487 کیلوگرم در هکتار) وتولید پروتئین (1400 کیلوگرم در هکتار) قابل توصیه برای کشت در استان گلستان می‌باشد ، اما رقم ICRISAT625 ×R165 به دلیل مقدار انرژی قابل‌متابولیسم و ماده‌آلی قابل هضم بیشتر نسبت به بقیه ارقام ارجحیت دارد .

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Chemical Composition, Fermentation Characteristics and Nutritional Value of Different Sorghum Cultivars by Gas Production Test

نویسنده [English]

  • abdolah kavian
Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
چکیده [English]

Background and objective:Planting of fodder plants with high production potential and high quality and adapted to Iran's climate conditions due to lack of forage in Iran has been considered. Today, in addition to common indigenous cultivars, sorghum hybrids cultivate growing in Iran is increasing. Not only does sorghum have a high yield, but it is well adapted to climatic conditions in most parts of Iran, especially in dry and temperate regions. This plant is able to absorb water better than other grasses This plant is one of the most important forage forests in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It can be productive due to adaptation to warm conditions and to a certain extent soil salinity and high water use efficiency. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of yield, chemical composition, silage properties and energy metabolism, digestibility of organic matter, digestibility of organic matter in dry matter and volatile fatty acids by the method of gas production of forage sorghum cultivars.

Materials and methods: In order to investigate the fermentation quality and nutritive value of five variety of sorghum silages, different sorghum cultivars Viz: ICRISAT623×R165, ICRISAT632×R165, ICRISAT625×165, ICRISAT520×166 and Speed feed were compared in completely randomized design with five replicates. For this purpose sorghum cultivars was obtained at dent stage, chopped with an average particle length of 2 cm and were preserved in 10kg plastic boxes. Silos were kept at room temperature and opened at 45 days for determination of pH , DM, CP, EE, ADF, Ash , WSC and NH3-N. The Gas productions were used for determination of digestion and fermentation of samples.
Results: maximum dry matter by 1400.5 Kg per hectare and metabolism energy by 131627 Mcal per hectare obtained in ICRISAT520 ×R166, Whereas cultivars Speed Feed provided Minimum. The highest gas production , metabolisable energy, water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), Volatile fatty acids and Ether Extract was observed in ICRISAT625×165. Whereas ICRISAT520 ×R166 and ICRISAT632×R165 had the lowest. Results indicated that there were significant differences between different cultures in %DM, %OM, %CP, %EE, %Ash, %ADF, %WSC and %NH3-N.The ICRISAT 165 × 165 has the highest amount of cumulative gas, metabolisable energy, soluble sugar, volatile fatty acids and crude fat. However, ICRISAT520 × R166 and ICRISAT632 × R165 had lower values. There was no significant difference between cultivars in estimating of organic matter digestibility (OMD) and digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMDM) using the amount of gas production.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, ICRISAT520 × R166 for dry matter production (18487 kg ha-1) and protein production (1400 kg ha-1) is recommended for cultivation in Golestan province. But in terms of yield per hectare, ICRISAT625×165 varieties is recommended for the rest of the cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sorghum
  • Nutritional Value
  • Fermentation Characteristics
  • Gas Production Test

مراجع

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 7، شماره 4
اسفند 1398
صفحه 77-91

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