مطالعه عملکرد و برآورد فراسنجه های ژنتیکی صفات تولید مثلی گوسفندان ماکویی با استفاده از مدل های خطی و آستانه ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه اراک

2 گروه علوم دامی، تبری

3 گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه اراک

4 دانشگاه تبریز

5 مرکز اصلاح نژاد

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: صفات تولید مثلی مهمترین صفات مؤثر بر سودآوری در پرورش گوسفند می‌باشند. این صفات دارای ماهیت آستانه‌ای بوده ولی در عمل به صورت صفات دارای توزیع پیوسته مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار می‌گیرند. علاوه بر دقیق و درست بودن رکوردهای شجره و عملکرد صفات، بکار بردن مدل مناسب جهت تجزیه صفات نیز تأثیر بسیار بالائی در برآورد دقیق فراسنجه‌های ژنتیکی و همچنین ارزیابی‌ها خواهد داشت. بروز ظاهری برخی از صفات اقتصادی که دارای توارث ساده مندلی نیستند به صورت گسسته می‌باشد. یکی از مدل‌هایی که برای توارث این صفات در نظر گرفته می شود این است که آنها نیز مانند بسیاری از دیگر صفات کمی تحت تأثیر عوامل متعدد ژنتیکی و غیر ژنتیکی با توزیع پیوسته قرار دارند. هدف این پژوهش مطالعه عملکرد و برآورد وراثت‌پذیری و تکرار‌پذیری صفات تولید مثلی در گوسفندان نژاد ماکویی با استفاده از مدل‌های خطی و آستانه ای بود. مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش از اطلاعات 4319 رکورد مربوط به 1629رأس میش، جمع‌آوری شده طی سال‌های 1375 تا 1392 در ایستگاه پرورش و اصلاح نژاد گوسفند ماکویی (ماکو) واقع در استان آذربایجان غربی استفاده شد. صفات تولید مثلی شامل میزان آبستنی، تعداد بره متولد شده در هر زایمان میش، تعداد بره زنده شیرگیری شده در هر زایمان میش، تعداد بره متولد شده به ازای هر میش در معرض آمیزش و تعداد بره شیرگیری به ازای هر میش در معرض آمیزش بودند. مدل‌های حیوانی خطی و آستانه‌ای به صورت یک صفتی شامل اثر عوامل ثابت (سال و سن میش‌ ) و اثر عوامل تصادفی ژنتیکی افزایشی میش، محیطی دائمی میش و باقی‌مانده توسط نرم افزار ASREML پیش بینی شدند. یافته‌ها: میانگین کل صفات مورد بررسی به صورت 93/0 برای میزان آبستنی، 16/1 برای تعداد بره متولد شده در هر زایمان میش، 98/0 برای تعداد بره زنده شیر گیری شده در هر زایمان، 07/1 برای تعداد بره متولد شده به ازای هر میش در معرض آمیزش و 91/0 برای تعداد بره شیرگیری به ازای هر میش در معرض آمیزش بودند. ضریب وراثت پذیری صفات به ترتیب 05/0، 11/0، 06/0، 08/0 و 04/0 با استفاده از مدل تجزیه خطی و 12/0، 20/0، 15/0، 18/0 و 10/0 با استفاده از مدل تجزیه آستانه‌ای برآورده شد. برآورد ضریب تکرار‌پذیری صفات نیز به ترتیب 09/0، 16/0، 18/0، 15/0 و 12/0 حاصل از تجزیه خطی و 48/0، 51/0، 34/0، 50/0 و 41/0 حاصل از تجزیه آستانه‌ای بود. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که استفاده از مدل‌های آستانه‌ای برای تجزیه رکوردهای صفات تولید مثلی در ارزیابی ژنتیکی، در مقایسه در مدل‌های خطی، منجر به افزایش نسبی پارامترهای ژنتیکی و افزایش دقت ارزیابی-ها خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of performance and estimation of genetic parameters of reproductive traits in Makooei sheep using linear and threshold models

نویسندگان [English]

  • amir hossein farahani 1
  • Mohammad Hossein Moradi 3
  • Abbas Rafat 4
  • Amir Taheri 5
1 Arak university
2
3 Arak University
4 Tabriz University
5 Animal Breeding centet
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Reproductive traits in sheep are the most important traits affecting profitability. These traits have categorical nature, but in practice the continuous distribution of traits is analyzed. In addition, to have true and accurate pedigree records, applying the appropriate model for analyzing the characteristics of high precision in the estimation of genetic parameters will be evaluated.Accurate prediction of animals breeding values is one of the best tools available to maximize the response to a selection program. Development of effective genetic evaluation and improvement programs requires knowledge of the genetic parameters for these economically important production traits. many studies, LS is analyzed by linear models, and the variance components are obtained by REML methods. Compared to linear models, non-linear models have disadvantages in goodness of fit or predictivty and they are time consuming in computation, which might be prohibitive for routine calculations Materials and methods: The main objective of this study was to obtain effects of genetic estimates of reproductive traits in Makooei sheep using repeatability linear and threshold models that are necessary to develop an efficient selection strategy for improvement of reproduction. For this purpose, were estimated using linear and threshold univariate animal model on the data of 4319 records of 1629 ewes, collected during 1996 to 2014 in rearing and improvement of Makooei sheep for conception rate, number of lambs born, number of lambs alive at weaning, number of lambs born per ewe exposed and number of lambs born per ewe exposed traits. The model was included fixed effects (year and age of ewe) and random effects additive genetic of ewe, permanent environmental of ewe and residual. Results: The overall mean of traits were as 0.93 for conception rate, 1.16 for number of lambs born, 0.98, for number of lambs alive at weaning, 1.07 for number of lambs born per ewe exposed and 0.91 for number of lambs born per ewe exposed. The heritability coefficient of traits were estimated as 0.05, 0.11, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.04 respectively, resulted from linear analysis and 0.12, 0.20, ‌0.15, 0.18 and 0.10 respectively, resulted from threshold analysis. The estimation of repeatability coefficient of traits were as 0.09, 0.16, 0.18, 0.15 and 0.12 respectively, for linear analysis and 0.48, 0.51, 0.34, 0.50 and 0.41 respectively for threshold analysis. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that, using threshold models for analyzing reproductive traits in genetic evaluations, comparison with linear models, caused relatively increasing genetic parameters and accuracy of evaluations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Reproductive traits
  • genetic parameters
  • linear model
  • threshold model
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