1. Agarwal, N. 2000. Estimation of fibre degrading enzyme. In Feed Microbiology ed. Chaudhary, L.C., Agarwal, N., Kamra, D.N. and Agarwal, D.K. pp. 283-290. Izatnagar, India: CAS Animal Nutrition, IVRI.
2. Allen, M.S. 1997. Relationship between fermentation acid production in the rumen and the requirement for physically effective fiber. J. Dairy Sci. 80: 1447–1462.
3. Azizi-Shotorkhoft, A., Rezaei, J., and Fazaeli, H. 2013. The effect of different levels of molasses on the digestibility, rumen parameters and blood metabolites in sheep fed processed broiler litter. J. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 179: 69-76.
4. Azizi-shotorkhoft, A., Sharifi, A., Mirmohammadi, D., Baluch-Gharaei, H., and Rezaei, J. 2016. Effect of feeding different levels of corn steep liquor on the performance of fattening lambs. J. Anim. Phys. Anim. Nutr. 100: 109-17.
5. Benavides, M.C., and Rodriguez, J. 1971. Salivary secretion and its contribution to ruminal fluid flow in animals fed on liquid molasses/based diets. Rev. Cuban Sci. Agri. 5: 31-40.
6. Dijkstra, J., Oenema, O., and Bannink, A. 2011. Dietary strategies to reducing N excretion from cattle: Implications for methane emissions. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 3: 414-422.
7. Chanjula, P., Wanapat, M., Wachirapakorn, C., and Rowlinson, P. 2004. Effect of synchronizing starch sources and protein (NPN) in the rumen on feed intake, rumen microbial fermentation, nutrient utilization and performance of lactating dairy cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17:1400-1410.
8. Hennessy, D.W., and Nolan, J.V. 1988. Nitrogen kinetics in cattle fed mature subtropical grass hay with and without protein meal supplementation. Aus. J. Agri. Res. 39: 1135-1150.
9. Hindrichsen, I.K., Osuji, P.O., Odenyo, A.A., Madsena, J., and Hvelplund, T. 2002. Effects of supplementation of basal diet of maize stover with different amounts of Leucaena diversifolia on intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and rumen parameters in sheep. J. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 98: 131-142.
10. Karsli, A.M., and Russell, J.R. 2002. Effects of source and concentrations of nitrogen and carbohydrate on ruminal protein synthesis Turk. J. Anim. Sci. 26: 201-207.
11. Kim, C.H. 2001. Effect of different protein sources given synchronously or asynchronously in to the rumen of consuming a beef cattle diet high in concentrate on the synthesis of microbial protein. J. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 43:831-840.
12. Kincheloe, J.J., Bowman J.G.P., Surber, L.M.M., Boss, D.L., Anderson, K.A., and Blake ,T.K. 2003. Effects of barley or corn on performance and digestibility in finishing diets. Proc. West. Section. Amer. J. Soc. Anim. Sci. Vol. 54.
13. McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D., Morgan, C.A., Sinclair, L.A., and Wilkinson, R.G. 2011. Animal Nutrition. 7th ed., Longman Group UK, Harlow, UK, Pp 693.
14. Michalet-Doreau, B., Fernandez, I., and Fonty, G. 2002. A comparison of enzymatic and molecular approaches to characterize the cellulolytic microbial ecosystems of the rumen and the cecum. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 790-796.
15. Miller, R.K., Rockwell, L,C, Lunt, D.K., and Carstens G.E. 1996. Determination of the flavor attributes of cooked beef from cross-bred Angus steers fed corn- or barley based diets. J. Meat Sci. 44:235-243.
16. Mirza, M.A., and Mushtaq, T. 2006. Effect of supplementing different levels of corn steep liquor on the post-weaning growth performance of Pak-Karakul lambs. Pak. J. Vet. 26: 135-137.
17. National Research Council (NRC). 2007. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: Sheep, goats, cervids and new world camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
18. Nisa, M., Khan, M A., Sarwar, M., Lee, W.S., Lee, H.J., Ki, K.S., Ahn, B.S., and Kim, H.S. 2006. Influence of Corn Steep Liquor on Feeding Value of Urea Treated Wheat Straw in Buffaloes Fed at Restricted Diets. Asian- Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 11: 1610-1616.
19. Nisa, M., Sarwar, M., and Khan, M.A. 2004. Nutritive value of urea treated wheat straw ensiled with or without corn steep liquor for lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 17: 825-829.
20. Nocek, J.E., and Tamminga, S. 1991. Site of digestion of starch in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows and its effect on milk yield and composition. J. Dairy Sci. 74: 3598–3629.
21. Nolan, J.V., and Leng, R.A. 1972. Dynamic aspects of ammonia and urea metabolism in sheep. Brit. J. Anim. Sci. 27: 177-194.
22. Overton, T.R., Cameron, M.R., Elliot, J.P., and Clark, J.H. 1995. Ruminal fermentation and passage of nutrients to the duodenum of lactating cow fed mixtures of corn and barley. J. Dairy Sci. 78: 1981-1998.
23. Owens, F.N., Zinn R.A., and Kim, Y.K. 1986. Limits to starch digestion in the ruminant small intestine. J. Anim. Sci. 63:1634–1648.
24. Patterson, T., Klopfenstein, T., Jordon, D.J., Wilson, C., Mass, R., and Stock, R. 2001. Undegradable intake protein content of corn steep compared to soybean meal. Univ. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep., MP 76-A, p. 37–38.
25. Radostitis, O.M., Gay, C.C., Blood, D.C., and Hinchliff, K.W. 2007. Veterinary Medicine. A text book of the diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and horses. 10th ed. W.B. Saunders Ltd. London, UK.
26. Raghuvansi, S.K.S., Prasad, R., Tripathi, M.K., Mishra, A.S., Chaturvedi, O.H., Misra, A.K., Saraswat, B.L., and Jakhmola, R.C. 2007. Effect of complete feed blocks or grazing and supplementation of lambs on performance, nutrient utilisation, and rumen fermentation and rumen microbial enzymes. J. Anim. 1: 221–226.
27. Reynolds, C.K. 2006. Production and metabolic effects of site of starch digestion in dairy cattle. J. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 130: 78–94.
28. Richardson, J.M., Wilkinson, R.G., and Sinclair, L.A. 2003. Synchrony of nutrient supply to the rumen and dietary energy source and their effects on the growth and metabolism of lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 1332-1347
29. Russell, J B., O'Connor, J.D., Fox, D.G., Van Soest, P.J., and Sniffen, C.J. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminant fermentation. J. Anim. Sci. 70: 3551-3561.
30. Salter, D.N., Daneshvar, K., and Smith, R H. 1979. The origin incorporated into compounds in the rumen bacteria of steers given protein and urea containing diets. Brit. J. Nutr. 41: 197-209.
31. Yanez Ruiz, D.R., Martin Garsia, A.I., Momen, A., and Molina Alcaide, E. 2004. Ruminal fermentation and degradation patterns, protozoa population and urinary purine derivatives excretion in goats and withers fed diets based on two stage olive cake: Effect of PEG supply. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 2023-2032.