Estrogenic effects of pomegranate seed pulp on blood and antioxidant variables in Saanen female goats

Authors

1 Department of Animal science, university of Birjand, Iran

2 Department of Animal science, university of Birjand, iran

3 Department of Animal Science, University of Birjand, Iran

4 Department of Animal Science, university of Birjand, iran

Abstract

Abstract:
Background and objectives: Pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed pulp is one of the wastes of agricultural conversion industries that has been increasingly used in recent years due to its antioxidant properties in animal nutrition. Pomegranate seed pulp contains polyphenolic compounds that mainly contain ellagic acid, punicalagin and punicallin, which have antioxidant properties and prevent the peroxidation of fats and the activity of free radicals. In addition to polyphenolic compounds, pomegranate seeds contain estrogens such as "estradiol, estrone and estriol" and in lower concentrations also contain testosterone, beta-sitosterol and coumestrol, but there are many reports about its side effects on the physiology and metabolism of ruminants. Due to the role of estrogens in lipid metabolism, pomegranate seed pulp as an estrogen-rich plant source may be able to mimic the regulatory role of endogenous estrogens on metabolism and reproduction. In this study, the estrogenic effects of pomegranate seed pulp on serum estradiol concentration and other blood and antioxidant variables of dry non-pregnant Saanen goats were investigated.
Materials and Methods: In this experiment, 18 non-pregnant dry Saanen goats in 3rd to 4th parity number with average weight of 44.85 ± 5.16 kg were used in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 6 replications. Experimental treatments included: 1) control treatment 2) Basal diet with 12% of pomegranate seed pulp 3) Basal diet with 12% of pomegranate seed pulp + ozone gas (estrogen removal agent from pomegranate). Blood parameters of estradiol, albumin, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, creatinine, glucose, betahydroxybutyrate, urea, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL and plasma antioxidant factors of MDA and TAC were measured. Experimental data were statistically analyzed by SAS software with mixed procedure as repeated data over time.
Results: Based on the results, the parameters of standard estradiol concentration and the area under the serum estradiol concentration curve increased (33.36 pg.ml-1 and 605.12 cm2 respectively) significantly during the estrus cycle under the influence of treatment 2 (p <0.05). Ozone gas in treatment 3 significantly reduced these variables (28.13 and 543.91) compared to treatment 2 and was not significantly different from the control (25.56 and 515.12). Blood parameters other than phosphorus and some antioxidant variables were not significantly affected by experimental treatments, indicating insufficient estrogen intake to disrupt homeostasis of blood parameters at level of 12% Replacement of pomegranate seed pulp with wheat bran.
Conclusion: Generally, the level of 12% of pomegranate seed pulp in the studied physiological stage, did not have significant negative effects on normal metabolic parameters of Saanen goats. Elimination of the effect of estrogen in treatment 3 indicates that ozone gas is able to diminish the effect of dietary phytoestrogens.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Ruminant Research
Volume 9, Issue 2
September 2021
Pages 73-92

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