Effect of probiotic and vitamin E+ selenium supplements on performance and some blood and ruminal parameters of Holstein calves

Authors

1 dept. of animal sciences

2 Animal Science Research Institute

3 Dept. of Animal Science, Agriculture and Natural Resources Faculty, Gonbad Kavous University

Abstract

Backgrounds and objectives: The use of growth promoters and the strengthening of the immune system has been one of the concerns of livestock nutritionists. At first, using antibiotics was the best solution. But worries about their effects on livestock products have prompted scientists to find suitable alternatives. Probiotics as a natural product, along with some vitamins, were a good option. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotic and vitamin E+ selenium supplements on performance and some blood and ruminal parameters of Holstein calves.
Material and Methods: Twenty-four Holstein male calves were randomly assigned to 4 treatments after weightlifting and prenatal follow-up. The calves were transferred to individual cages and fed a sufficient amount of colostrum for the first 3 days. Treatments included: 1- basal diet (starter diet + milk), 2- basal diet with Bioguil probiotic (2 g), 3- basal diet with injectable supplement of vitamin E+ selenium (0.14 ml per kg live weight), and 4- basal diet with probiotic and vitmin E + selenium. Probiotics were given daily and vitamin E+ selenium at birth and 14 days of age. The calves were fed milk twice a day. The starter was also given to them from the beginning of the second week of the experiment. The calves were weighed at the beginning of the experiment as well as once every two weeks. The amount of feed intake was calculated daily. Skeletal growth indices including body length, withers height, hip height, hip width, and heart girth were measured and recorded on the days of entering the experiment, 14, 28, 42, and 56. At 7, 21, 42 and 56 days old, blood sampling was done four hours after morning feeding by venoject tubes via jugular vein. Blood metabolites including glucose, albumin, total protein, beta hydroxyl butyric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were measured. The rumen fluid was collected using an esophageal catheter on days 21, 42, and 60 days to measure ammoniacal nitrogen and determine the fatty acids profile. The data were analyzed using SAS software according to MIXED procedure.
Results: Probiotic and Vitamin E + selenium did not have any significant effect on weight gain and feed intake of calves (P >0.05). However, in calves receiving probiotic and probiotic combination with vitamin E + selenium, despite the lower initial weight, total and daily weight gain was numerically higher than control and those recipient vitamin E + selenium. The amount of feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the probiotic treatment showed a tendency to improve compared to the control (P = 0.09). Except for total protein (P= 0.002) and IgG (P=0.0004), the other blood parameters were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). Probiotic, vitamin E+ selenium and their combination reduced blood protein level compared to control. In contrast, these treatments increased IgG level. Treatments had no any effect on volatile fatty acid concentration (P>0.05). However, the use of probiotics and vitamin E + selenium increased the amount of acetate and propionate numerically. The amount of ammoniacal nitrogen and pH were not affected by the treatments (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Probiotic treatment improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) and increased some skeletal growth indices in dairy calves. The use of probiotics, vitamin E + selenium and their combination increased the absorption of IgG, which can lead to calf resistance to infectious diseases such as diarrhea.

Keywords

References

  1. 1.Abdul Maleki, Z., Syrian, M., Tawhid, A. and Yadollah, M. 2018. Effect of oral conjugated linoleic acid with or without intravenous supplementation of selenium and vitamin E on the immune system of dairy cows and their newborn calves. Animal Production. 19: 829-845.

    2.Al-Saiady, M.Y. 2010. Effect of probiotic bacteria on immunoglobulin G concentration and other blood components of newborn calves. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 9: 604-609.

    1. Arikan, O.A., Sikora, L.J., Mulbry, W., Khan, S.U. and Foster, G.D. 2007. Composting rapidly reduces levels of extractable oxytetracycline in manure from therapeutically treated beef calves. Bioresource Technology. 98: 169-176.

    4.Bayatkouhsar, J., Tahmasebi, A.M., Naserian, A.A., Mokarram, R.R. and Valizadeh, R. 2013. Effects of supplementation of lactic acid bacteria on growth performance, blood metabolites and fecal coliform and lactobacilli of young dairy calves. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology. 186: 1-11.

    5.Benchaar, C., Duynisveld, J. and Charmley, E. 2006. Effects of monensin and increasing dose levels of a mixture of essential oil compounds on intake, digestion and growth performance of beef cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 861: 91-96.

    1. Broderick, G.A. and Kang, J.H. 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science. 63: 64-75.
    2. Chaudhary, L.C., Sahoo, A., Agrawal, N., Kamra, D.M. and Pathak, N.N. 2008. Effect of direct fed microbial on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation, immune and growth response in crossbred cattle calves. Indian Journal of Animal Science. 78: 515-521.

    8.Coverdale, J., Tyler, H., Quegley, J. and Brumm, J. 2004. Effect of various levels of forage and form of diet on rumen development and growth in calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 87: 2554-2562.

    9.Dehghan banadaky, M. and Zali, A. 2018. Comparison the effects of feeding yeast probiotic in milk or starter on growth performance, health, blood and rumen parameters of Holstein calves. Animal Production. 202: 283-292.

    10.Desnoyers, M., Reverdin, S., Bertin, G., Ponter, C.D. and Sauvant, D. 2009. Meta-analysis of the influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on ruminal parameters and milk production of ruminants. Journal of Dairy Science. 92: 1620-1632.

    11.Esmaeili, H., Mokhber Dezfooli, M., Nikbakht Brojeni, Gh, R., Tajik, M. and Hamidiya, Z. 2011. Effect of oral vitamin supplementation on absorption of colostral IgG in calves. Journal of Veterinary Research. 2: 143-147. (In Persian)

    12.Fahey, J.R. and Berger, L.L. 1988. Carbohydrate Nutrition of Ruminants. In: D.C. Church Ed.) The ruminant Animal: Digestive Physiology and Nutrition. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 44: 269-295.

    13.Franklin, S.T., Newman, M.C., Newman, K.E. and Meek, K.I. 2005. Immune parameter of dairy cows feed mannano-oligosaccharides and subsequent transfer of immunity to calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 88: 766-785.

    14.Galvão, K.N., Santos, J.E.P., Coscioni, A., Villasentor, M., Sischo, W.M. and Berge, A.C. 2005. Effect of feeding live yeast products to calves with failure of passive transfer on performance and patterns of antibiotic resistance in fecal Escherichia coli. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development. 45: 427-440

    15.Godfrey, N.W. 1961. The functional development of the calf. II. Development of rumen functions in the calf. Journal of Agricultural Science. 57: 177-183.

    16.Hosseinabadi, M., Dehghan, Bandaky, M. and Zali, A. 2013. The effect of feeding of bacterial probiotic in milk or starter on growth performance, health, blood and rumen parameters of sulking calves. Journal of Animal Production. 4: 57-69.

    17.Huyghebaert, G., Ducatellle, R. and Immerseel, F. 2010. An update alternatives growth promoter. Journal of Animal Science. 187: 182-188.

    18.Izuddin, W.I., Loh, T.C., Samsudin, A.A., Foo, H.L., Humam, A.M. and Shazali, N. 2019. Effects of postbiotic supplementation on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and microbial profile, blood metabolite and GHR, IGF-1 and MCT-1 gene expression in post-weaning lambs. BMC Veterinary Research. 15: 315-4325.

    1. Jenny, B.F., Vandijk, H.J. and Collins, J.A. 1991. Performance and fecal flora of calves fed a Bacillus subtilis concentrate. Journal of Dairy Science. 74: 1968-1973.

    20.Kamada, H., Nonaka, I., Ueda, Y. and Murai, M. 2007. Selenium addition to colostrum increases immunoglobulin G absorbtion by newborn calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 90: 5667-5670.

    21.Kong, X.F., Wu, G.Y. and Yin, Y.L. 2011. Roles of phytochemicals in amino acid nutrition. BioScience. 3: 372-384.

    22.Lesmeister, K.E., Heinrichs, A.J. and Gabler, M.T. 2004. Effects of supplemental yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) culture on rumen development, growth characteristics, and blood parameters in neonatal dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 87: 1832-1839.

    23.Mavromatis, J., Koptopoulos, G., Kyriakis, S. G., Papasteriadis, A. and Saoulidis, K. 1999. Effect of alpha-tocopherol and selenium on pregnant sows and their piglet immunity and performance. Zentralbl Veterinarmed. A. 46: 545-553.

    1. Mehrdad, N., Chashnai Del, Y., Teimouri Yansari, A. and Khorvash, M. 2017. Effect of two types of probiotics on the performance, blood and rumen parameters of Holstein male calves. Journal of Research in Ruminants. 5: 24-31. (In Persian)
    2. Merdad, N., Chashnidel, Y., Timori Yansari, A. and Khorvash, M. 2017. Effects of two kinds of probiotics on performance, blood and ruminal parameters in Holstein male calves. 5: 23-43.

    26.Mohamadi Roodposhti, P. and Dabiri, N. Gh. 2012. Effect of probiotic and prebiotic on average daily gain, fecal shedding of Esherichia coli, and immune system status in newborn female calves. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science. 9: 1255-1261.

    27.Mohri, M., Ehsani, A., Norouzian, M.A., Heidarpour, M. and Seifi, H.A. 2011. Parenteral selenium and vitamin E supplementation to lambs: hematology, serum biochemistry, performance and relationship with other trace elements. Biological Trace Element Research. 139: 308-316.

    28.Moore, J. 2004. The use of probiotics in the calf: an overview. Cattle Practice. 12, 125-128. nutrition. Frontiers in Bioscience S3. 372-384.

    29.Moslemipour, F., Moslemipour, F. and Mostafalo, Y. 2013. Effects of using probiotic and synbiotic in colostrum and milk on passive immunoglobulin transfer rate, growth and health parameters of calf. Journal of Ruminant Research. 4: 19-30. (In Persian)

    30.Nemati, A.S., Tabatabaie, A., Davar Frouzandekey Shahraki and Sh. Eghbal Saeed. 2010. Comparison effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeyeast and Protexin probiotic in starter on blood parameter, Immunity blood, behavior and fecal score in the suckling calves. The 4 congress on Animal Science Karaj Iran. 2141-2144. (In Persian)

    31.Pandrey, P. and Agrawal, I.S. 2001. Influence of dietary supplementation of antibiotic and probiotic on rumen fermentation in crossbred bullocks. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 18: 19-22.

    32.Quigley, J.D., Caldwell, L.A., Sinks, G.D. and Heitmann, R.N. 1991. Changes in blood glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and ketones in response to weaning and feed intake in young calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 74: 250-257.

    33.Quigley, J.D. 1996. Feeding Prior to Weaning.in Calves, Heifers and Dairy Profit ability. Facilties, Nutrition, and Health. Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service. Ithaca. NY: 245– 255.

    34.Quigley, J.D., French, P. and James, R.E. 2000. Short communication: Effect of pH on absorption of immunoglobulin G in neonatal calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 83: 1853-1855.

    35.Riddel, J. B., Gallegos, A. J., Harmon, D. L. and Mcleod, K.R. 2010. Addition of bacillus-based probiotic to the diet of preruminant calves, health and blood parameters. The International Journal of Applied Research Veterinary. 1: 78-85.

    1. Rust, S.R., Metz, K. and Ware, D.R. 2000. Effects of BovamineTM rumen culture on the performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. Journal of Animal Science. 78: 83.

    37.Sasani, H., Rahchamani, R., Mostafaloo, Y. and Sadeghi-Nasab A. 2015. Effect of injection of vitamin E and selenium on absorbtion of colostrums Immunoglobolin, some blood parameters, performance and growth indices in calves. Journal of Livestock Research. 4: 11-22. (In Persian)

    38.Swecker, Jr., Thatcher, W.S., Eversol, C.D., Blodgett, D.E. and Schurig, G.G. 2008. Effect of selenium supplementation on colostral IgG concentration in cows grazing selenium-deficient pastures and on postsuckle serum IgG concentration in their calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 56: 450- 453.

    39.Timmerman, H.M., Mudler, L., Evrets, H. and Vanespan, D.C. 2005. Health and growth of veal calves fed milk replacer with or without Probiotics. Journal of Dairy Science. 75: 894-899.

    40.Vakili-Saleh., Moslemipour, F. and Mostafaloo, Y. 2015. Effect of controlled heating of colostrum on immunoglobolins apsorbtion, performance and certain health parameters in calf. Journal of Veterinary Research. 3: 285-292.

    41.Williams, P.E.V. and Newbold, C.J. 1990. Rumen probiosis: the effects of novel microorganisms on rumen fermentation and ruminant productivity. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. Haresign, W., Cole, D.J.A. (eds.). Butterworths. London, UK. P. 211-227.

    42.Xiao. J.X., Alugongo, G.M., Chung, R., Dong, S.Z., Li, S.L., Yoo, I., Wu, Z.H. and Cao, Z.J. 2016. Effects of saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on dairy calves: ruminal fermentation, gastrointestinal morphology and microbial community. Journal of Dairy Science. 99: 5401-5412.

Journal of Ruminant Research
Volume 8, Issue 4
March 2021
Pages 77-96

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics