Effect of zinc sources on performance, digestibility and blood antioxidant indices in Murciana bucks

Authors

Animal science department, Faculty of agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Abstract
Background and objectives: Goat as a multipurpose animal is crucial for economy and food supply for urban and rural communities. Zn is one of the most restricted trace minerals, which should be included in the diet of ruminants on a daily basis. Researches have shown that more growth performance improvement is obtained by adding organic or nanoparticles of Zn compared to ZnSO4. According to the researches, feeding different sources of Zn improves the digestibility of nutrients. In studies which Zn supplement was added to diets, the antioxidant status of the trial animals was improved. Moreover, various sources of Zn have divers’ bioavailability and few studies have been conducted on the effects of different sources of Zn on body weight change, nutrients digestibility and antioxidant status of goats, this experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of zinc sources on performance, digestibility and blood antioxidant indices in Murciana bucks.
Materials and methods: Forty Murciana bucks (with an average age of approximately 1.5 year and an average body weight of 43±1.54 kg) were applicated for sixty days in a completely randomized design model. The animals were randomly assigned into 4 experimental treatments and 10 replications, which included: 1) basal diet (containing 19.95 mg kg-1 Zn without supplementation), 2) basal diet containing 32 mg kg-1 Zn as ZnSO4, 3) basal diet containing 32 mg kg-1 Zn as ZnMet, 4) basal diet containing 32 mg kg-1 Zn as nanoparticles and livestock had free access to water. Blood samples were collected by jugular vein puncture containing anti-coagulant agent on day 60 of the experiment. Chemical analysis of feed samples was adjusted through standard laboratory methods for dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract, and neutral detergent fiber. Apparent digestibility of nutrients was determined through acid-insoluble ash method. The activities of plasma enzymes were measured using commercial kits and through the ELISA device. All data were analyzed through the statistical model of completely random design and by the analysis of variance method.
Results: In this research, feeding Zn supplement improved the average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P≤ 0.05). Moreover, the administration of Zn supplement regardless of its source, improved the apparent digestibility of crude protein, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber (P≤ 0.05). The plasma concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase enzymes in the treatments fed with Zn supplements were increased compared to the control group (P≤ 0.05), but the plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes were decreased significantly in the animals fed Zn supplements (P≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: Feeding various types of Zn supplements (organic, inorganic and nanoparticles) under marginal deficiency situations for Zn in animals, will cause positive effects on compensatory gain, improvement of feed conversion ratio, nutrients digestibility, and promotion of the antioxidant system of the body. Because in the conditions of marginal deficiency of trace minerals, the absorption mechanisms of the body become more active in order to improve the absorption of these elements, and therefore, probably for this reason, no significant difference was observed between different sources of Zn in this research. Therefore, by consideration to the cost of feed, the treatment fed ZnSO4 is cost-effective, especially when the animal is in marginal zinc deficiency condition, because it increased nutrient digestibility, optimal production performance and improved antioxidant status similar to the expensive sources used in ZnMet and Zn-nanoparticles treatments.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abd El Rahim, S. A., Arafa, M. M., Abdelhamid, H. Y., & Mohamed, A. E.-S. A. (2023). Effect of zinc oxide Nanoparticles on some biochemical parameters and body weight in Barki fattening lambs. Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 6(2): 88-103.
Abd elgayed, h. s., El moghazy, G., saba, F. E. S., Ghanem, M. M., & Abdel-Raoof, Y. (2022). Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc oxide on clinical, hemato-biochemical, body weight, trace elements and wool zinc changes in lambs. Journal of Benha Veterinary Medical, 42(2): 147-152. https://doi.org/10.21608/bvmj.2022.138119.1521
Alimohamady, R., Aliarabi, H., Bruckmaier, R. M., & Christensen, R. G. (2019). Effect of different sources of supplemental zinc on performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant enzyme activities in lambs. Biological Trace Element Research, 189(1): 75-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1448-1
AOAC. (2006). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International.Maryland. USA.
Attia, Y. A., Abd Al-Hamid, A. E., Zeweil, H. S., Qota, E. M., Bovera, F., Monastra, G., & Sahledom, M. D. (2013). Effect of dietary amounts of inorganic and organic zinc on productive and physiological traits of White Pekin ducks. Animal, 7(6): 895-900. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1751731113000050
Belewu, A., & Adewumi, D. (2021). Effect of green syntheses nano zinc oxide on performance characteristics and hematobiochemical profile of West African dwarf goats. Animal Research International, 18(1): 3938–3946.
Chavan, S. J., Varadan, D., Ravishankar, C., Vazhoor, B., Sebastian, R., Chulliparambil, S., & Prakash, P. (2021). The effect of inorganic and organic zinc supplementation on growth performance, mineral profile and gene expression pattern of GLUT1 in Malabari kids. Biological Trace Element Research, 199(2): 568-577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02167-y
Dhoke, S. K. (2023). Synthesis of nano-ZnO by chemical method and its characterization. Results in Chemistry, 5, 100771. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100771
Elsayed, A. A. M., Abol-Ela, S. S., Askar, A. A., Mohamed, L. A., El-Sayed, S. A. A., Ahmed, S. Y. A., Alagawany, M. (2021). Supplementation of different zinc sources to low-CP diets and its effect on performance, carcass traits, liver and kidney functions, immunological, and antioxidant parameters of quail chicks. Journal of Poultry Science, 100(11): 101463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101463
Garg, A. K., Mudgal, V., & Dass, R. S. (2008). Effect of organic zinc supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization and mineral profile in lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 144(1): 82-96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.10.003
Ghalehkandi, J. G., Karamouz, H., Nazhad, H. Z. A., Sis, N. M., & Beheshti, R. (2011). Effect of different levels of zinc oxide supplement on mucosal lucine aminopeptidase enzyme activity in small intestine of male broiler chicks. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 3(5): 313-315.
Hassan, E. H., Farghaly, M. M., & Solouma, G. M. (2016). Effect of zinc supplementation from inorganic and organic sources on nutrient digestibility, some blood metabolites and growth performance of growing buffalo calves. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 19: 37-46.
Jia, W., Jia, Z., Zhang, W., Wang, R., Zhang, S., & Zhu, X. (2008). Effects of dietary zinc on performance, nutrient digestibility and plasma zinc status in Cashmere goats. Small Ruminant Research, 80(1): 68-72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.09.009
Jia, W., Zhu, X., Zhang, W. e., Cheng, J., Guo, C., & Jia, Z. (2009). Effects of source of supplemental zinc on performance, nutrient digestibility and plasma mineral profile in Cashmere goats. Asian - Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 22(12): 1648-1653.
Jing, M. Y., Sun, J. Y., Weng, X. Y., & Wang, J. F. (2009). Effects of zinc levels on activities of gastrointestinal enzymes in growing rats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 93(5): 606-612. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.200800843x.
Kumar, P., Yadav, B., & Yadav, S. (2014). Effect of zinc and selenium supplementation on semen quality of Barbari bucks. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 48(4): 366-369. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-0555.2014.00457.9
Kumar, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, M., Vaswani, S., Kushwaha, R., Kumar, A., & Prakash, A. (2021). Comparing efficacy of nano zinc on performance, nutrient utilization, immune and antioxidant status in Hariana cattle. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 91(3): 707-713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-021-01276-5
Lee, C., & Hristov, A. N. (2013). Short communication: Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash and indigestible neutral detergent fiber as total-tract digestibility markers in dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(8): 5295-5299. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6442
Mallaki, M., Norouzian, M. A., & Khadem, A. A. (2015). Effect of organic zinc supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization, and plasma zinc status in lambs. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 39: 75-80.
Myers, S. A. (2015). Zinc transporters and zinc signaling: new insights into their role in type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2015: 167503. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/167503
NRC. (2007). Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids, and new world camelids. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/doi:10.17226/11654
Pandey, P., Kumar, M., Kumar, V., Kushwaha, R., Vaswani, S., Kumar, A., Shukla, P. K. (2023). The dietary supplementation of copper and zinc nanoparticles improves health condition of young dairy calves by reducing the incidence of diarrhea and boosting immune function and antioxidant activity. Biological Trace Element Research, 201(8): 3791-3803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12-03-03481-022-011
Porter, R. S., Kaplan, J. L., Merck, S., & Dohme. (2011). The merck manual of diagnosis and therapy (19th edition). Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp. Whitehouse Station, New Jersey. http://online.statref.com/Document.aspx?grpalias=UOTIW&FxId=2
Raje, K., Ojha, S., Mishra, A., Munde, V., Chandrakanta, Rawat, & Chaudhary, S. K. (2018). Impact of supplementation of mineral nano particles on growth performance and health status of animals: A review. Journal of Entomology and zoology studies, 6(3): 1690-1694.
Santoso, S. A. B., Puspitasari, G., Muktiani, A., Sunarso, S., & Purnomoadi, A. (2015). A study on the use of fecal characteristics for feed digestibility determination in goat. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, 40(1): 59-67. https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.40.1.59-67
Sharma, V., Shukla, R. K., Saxena, N., Parmar, D., Das, M., & Dhawan, A. (2009). DNA damaging potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles in human epidermal cells. Toxicology Letters, 185(3): 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.008
Singh, K., Maity, S., & Maity, A. (2018). Effect of nano zinc oxide on zinc bioavailability and blood biochemical changes in pre-ruminant lambs. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 88: 805-807.
Singh, K., Maity, S., & Maity, A. (2019). Supplementary effect of different levels of nano zinc oxide on zinc bioavailability and blood metabolites in lambs. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 36(1): 83-87.
Song, C., Gan, S., He, J., & Shen, X. (2021). Effects of nano-zinc on immune function in qianbei-pockmarked goats. Biological Trace Element Research, 199(2): 578-584. https://doi.org/10,1007/s12011-020-02182-z
Spears, J. W., & Kegley, E. B. (2002). Effect of zinc source (zinc oxide vs zinc proteinate) and level on performance, carcass characteristics, and immune response of growing and finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science, 80(10): 2747-2752. https://doi.org/10.2527/2002.80102747x
Suttle, N.F., 2010. Mineral nutrition of livestock. 4th edition, CABI, Cambridge. https://books.google.com/books?id=SRcEZVPbVRQC
Ukanwoko, A. I., Ironkwe, M. O., & Nmecha, C. (2013). Growth performance and hematological characteristics of west african dwarf goats fed oil palm leaf meal cassava peel based diets. Journal of Animal Production Advances, 3: 1-5.
Ulutaş, E., Eryavuz, A., Bülbül, A., Rahman, A., Küçükkurt, İ., & Uyarlar, C. (2020). Effect of zinc supplementation on hematological parameters, biochemical components of blood and rumen fluid, and accumulation of zinc in different organs of goats. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 52(3).
van der Horst, G., & Maree, L. (2022). Origin, migration, and reproduction of indigenous domestic animals with special reference to their sperm quality. Animals, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050657
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10): 3583-3597. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
VanValin, K. R., Genther-Schroeder, O. N., Carmichael, R. N., Blank, C. P., Deters, E. L., Hartman, S. J,. Hansen, S. L. (2018). Influence of dietary zinc concentration and supplemental zinc source on nutrient digestibility, zinc absorption, and retention in sheep. Journal of Animal Science, 96(12): 5336-5344. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky384
Wang, C., Xu, Y. Z., Han, L., Liu, Q., Guo, G., Huo, W. J., Zhang, S. L. (2021). Effects of zinc sulfate and coated zinc sulfate on lactation performance, nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation in Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Livestock Science, 251: 104673. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104673
Wei, J., Ma, F., Hao, L., Shan, Q., & Sun, P. (2019). Effect of differing amounts of zinc oxide supplementation on the antioxidant status and zinc metabolism in newborn dairy calves. Journal of Livestock Science, 230: 103819. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103819
Yuusf, A. O., Adeyi, T. K., Sowande, O. S., Oni, A. O., & Olowookere, V. O. (2022). Nano zinc oxide supplementation improves growth performance and health of west african dwarf goats. Egyptian Journal of Animal Production, 59(2): 69-78. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejap.2022.102853.1026
Zhang, W., Wang, R., Kleemann, D. O., Lu, D., Zhu, X., Zhang, C., & Jia, Z. (2008). Effects of dietary copper on nutrient digestibility, growth performance and plasma copper status in cashmere goats. Journal of Small Ruminant Research, 74(1): 188-193. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.06.010
Ziaeian, A. H., & Malakouti, M. J. (2001). Effects of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu fertilization on the yield and grain quality of wheat in the calcareous soils of Iran. Plant Nutrition, 840-841. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-X_409
Journal of Ruminant Research
Volume 13, Issue 1
May 2025
Pages 19-36

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics