Influence of Protein source of starter diet on growth characteristics, skeletal indices and blood plasma metabolites of Holstein dairy calves

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Graduate, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Abstract

Background and objective Dried distillers grain is a feedstuff that can be used as a source of energy and or protein. The Protein of dried distillers grain has high quality Providing source of amino acids that can be absorbed in the lower gut and utilized by the developing ruminant. The Purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of feeding starter diet containing distillers dried grains and soybean meal on growth characteristics, skeletal indices and blood plasma metabolites of Holstein dairy calves.
Materials and Methods: in This experiment was 50 Holstein female calves (40.2 ± 0.51 kg;BW ± SE) were randomly assigned in different treatments with to replicant each. Dietary treatments (with 20% crude Protein) were offered for 8 weeks: 1- Starter contained 30% DDGs. 2- Starter containing 15% DDGs + 10% xylose Protected soybean meal (Yasmio max soy). 3- Starter containing 15% DDGs + 10% soybean meal. 4-Starter containing 20% xylose Protected soybean meal (Yasmio max soy). 5- starter containing 20% soybean meal. Calves were raised in individual Pens with a mean ambient temperature of 10°C during the experiment. Calves were fed whole milk replacer three times daily at 0800,1700 and 24 h. During the experiment, the amount of feed intake was weighed daily. Weighing using a digital calf scale, and measuring skeletal growth indices including withers height, hip height, hip to Pin distance, hip to hip distance, pin to Pin distance, heart girth, and body length using meter and caliper, were done every two weeks before the morning feeding, blood samples were taken to measure the Plasma concentration of urea, glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol (Pars Azmoon kit, auto-analyzer),.
Results: the Average daily weight gain of calves fed with Starter containing 15% DDGs + 10% xylose Protected soybean meal (Yasmio max soy) was 573.6 g/day and the average daily intake of Starter contained 30% DDGs was 641.2 g/day that showed sihnificant greater value in comparison (P˂0.05). Calves fed starter containing 20% soybean meal had the greatest increases in hip height, body length (P˂0.05). Calves fed starter containing 30% DDGs had the greatest increases in wither height (P˂0.05). Calves fed starter containing 15% DDGs + 10% xylose Protected soybean meal (Yasmio max soy) had the greatest increases in Glucose and cholesterol are 79.5 and 150.2 mg/dl respectively (P˂0.05). Calves fed starter containing 20% soybean meal had the greatest increases in blood urea nitrogen was 19.2 mg/dl (P˂0.05). Calves fed starter containing 30% DDGs had the greatest increases in triglyceride 28.3mg/dl (P˂0.05).
Conclusion: the results of our experiment showed that feeding less than 20% DDGs 200g/kg DM and replacing 50% soybean meal or xylose protected soybean meal in starter diet without exerting can be an negative effect on calves growth.

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References

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Journal of Ruminant Research
Volume 12, Issue 3
November 2024
Pages 71-86

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