Authors
1
DVM Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2
Department of clinical science faculty of veterinary medicine university of Tabriz
3
Department of Pathobiology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
5
1DVM Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract
Background and objectives: Pregnancy loss can occur in different stages of pregnancy for various reasons; however, the increase in embryonic mortality in the early stages of pregnancy is currently a concern in the dairy cow industry. Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine that is mainly produced by monocytes and macrophages and causes the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid hematopoietic cells. Interferon-Stimulated Gene-15 (ISG-15) functions as an intracellular ubiquitin homologue and extracellular cytokine that may serve as a surrogate marker for early pregnancy in ruminants. It is assumed that these cytokines increase in the peripheral blood simultaneously with the production of interferons in the uterus. The present study was an attempt to shorten the number of open days in dairy cows by detecting pregnancy in the early stages of pregnancy using cytokines such as G-CSF and ISG-15. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the gene expression changes between pregnant and non-pregnant dairy cows with early or late embryonic death, so that open days can be reduced in dairy cows. Material and methods: Blood samples from 30 animals with embryonic death (10 cows for each time group) and 30 cows with normal pregnancy (30 cows for each time group) were collected in vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulant on days 15–24, 25–34, and 35–44 after inoculation. Cows were divided into pregnant and non-pregnant groups based on progesterone concentration on day 21, and non-pregnant cows were classified into those with early embryonic death (day 1-26) and late embryonic death (day 26-45). Neutrophils were then extracted from the blood samples, and G-CSF and ISG-15 gene expression was measured using Real-Time PCR. Results: The results showed that the concentration of progesterone in the blood plasma of pregnant cows was significantly higher than that of non-pregnant cows in the time interval of 15 to 24, 25 to 34 and 35 to 44 days after artificial insemination. The concentration of glucose in the blood plasma of pregnant cows between 15 and 24 h (P<0.001) was significantly higher in the time intervals of 25 to 34 days and 35 to 44 days, compared to the concentration of glucose in the blood plasma of non-pregnant cows. Cholesterol concentration in the plasma of pregnant cows between 25 and 34 days after artificial insemination (AI) showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) from the cholesterol concentration in the blood plasma of non-pregnant cows. Examination of the concentration of triglycerides in the blood plasma of pregnant cows at 15–24, 25–34, and 35–44 days after inoculation showed no statistically significant difference from the concentration of triglycerides in the blood plasma of non-pregnant cows on the same days. The highest level of G-CSF gene expression was observed between days 15 and 24 in the blood neutrophils of pregnant cows. In addition, the highest ISG-15 expression was observed between 35 and 44 days after inoculation. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that these genes can be used clinically to diagnose early and late embryonic death.
Keywords
Main Subjects
)