The Effect of Chemical and Biological Processing Methods on Chemical Composition, Ruminal Biodegradability, Gas Production Parameters and External Digestibility of Quinoa Straw

Authors

1 Master's student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbadkavos University, Gonbad, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbadkavos University, Gonbad, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: , a study was carried out to investigate the effect of different treatment methods (chemical and biological) on chemical composition, gas production parameters and digestibility of quinoa straw in a completely randomized design.
Materials and methods: Quinoa straw was collected from Ashkhaneh city (north Khorasan province, Iran), chopped into 2-5cm pieces and prepared for processing. The following treatments were: 1) untreated quinoa straw (control) (CON), 2) CON processed with sodium hydroxide, 3) CON processed with hydrogen peroxide, 4) CON inoculated and fermented with Bacillus Subtilis and 5) CON inoculated and fermented with Aspergillus Niger. Prior to hydrogen peroxide treatment (132 mL of 35% H2O2), samples were pretreated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 80 g/kg DM) to attain and maintain a pH of 11.5. For biological processing, activation of lyophilized vials and preparation of starter cultures of bacteria and fungi were done in MRS-broth at 37°C and PDA at 25°C, respectively. After that, one liter of the combination of distilled water and starter culture (containing at least 105 colony forming units per milliliter of bacteria or fungi) was added to each kilogram of quinoa straw.Treated samples were then placed into plastic bags, tied up and stored under anaerobic conditions. Prior to analysis, bags were opened and air dried. Chemical composition of the samples was determined using the standard methods of AOAC. Ruminal degradability trial was carried out using the nylon bag technique. Gas production test was used to estimate gas production parameters. In vitro digestibility of the samples was determined through the batch culture method.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between treatments in terms of chemical composition (dry matter, ash, organic matter and crude protein) (P<0.05). In this respect, the highest amount of dry matter was in the control treatment and the lowest in the hydrogen peroxide treatment. Among the chemical treatments, the treatments with sodium hydroxide had the highest and the treatments with hydrogen peroxide had the lowest values of Crude Ash. Different treatment methods had significant effect on gas production potential and rate (P‌<0.05). Treatments with control and fungi had the highest and sodium hydroxide treatment had the lowest gas production potential. Treatment with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide significantly increased dry matter and organic matter digestibility (P<0.05). In general, the bacteria had the lowest digestibility, partitioning factor, and microbial protein production.
Conclusions: Overall, the results of this study showed that treatment with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide had a greater effect on improving the nutritional value of quinoa straw.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Ruminant Research
Volume 12, Issue 1
April 2024
Pages 119-142

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