Effect of different additives on chemical composition, fermentation parameters, digestibility and gas production of Gundelia tournefortii silage

Authors

1 Gonbad-kavoos University

2 َAssistant Prof., Dept. of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and natural Resources, Gonbad-kavoos University

Abstract

Abstract
Background and objectives: Intake of poor quality plants of rangelands and pasture grasses and agriculture by products by ruminants is usually low to maintain animal performance because of their poor digestibility and nutrient deficiency. So, it seems essential to explore new feed resources, which may have potential as an animal feedstuff. So, one possible way to reduce this alimentary deficit is to use of naturally growing forages including Gundelia tournefortii (G. tournefortii). G. tournefortii is one of the most important rangeland plants that can be used to feed livestock. G. tournefortii are known to be a plant with high nutritional value and water content, and are therefore likely to be highly selective for consumption by native herbivores. It is very resistant to cold and dry weather and tolerates high temperature changes. Therefore, due to their diversity, they are able to propagate in large ecological areas and can be dry and semi-arid areas, often as part of forage and even a relatively good source of protein for ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding different additives on chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, gas production and digestibility parameters of G. tournefortii silage in a completely randomized design.
Materials and methods: Whole forage Gundelia tournefortii were harvested and chopped with a conventional forage harvester under farm condition to length of 3-4 cm. Representative of Gundelia tournefortii forage samples were packed manually, in triplicate into plastic bags. The filled silos were stored at ambient temperature and allowed to ensile for 3, 7, 21 and 45 days. The following treatments were: 1) Gundelia tournefortii silage without any additives (control), 2) control + molasses (5% of DM), 3) control + organic acid (1% of DM), 4) control + barley meal (10% of DM) and 5) control + barley silage (20% of DM). After designated ensiling times, silos were opened and the ensiled forage was mixed thoroughly and then were dried at a 60°C in oven for 48 h and then ground to pass through a 2 mm screen for later analysis.
Results: Results showed that different additives had effect on chemical composition of G. tournefortii silage significantly (p<0.05). Treatment G. tournefortii + barley meal had highest dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) content compared with others. Fermentation characteristics of silage were affected by different additives (p<0.05) and G. tournefortii treated with molasses had lowest pH. The highest and lowest aerobic stability was observed in organic acid treated silage (42 h) and barley treated silage (31/5), respectively. There were significantly differences among treatments on gas production parameters (P<0.05) and barley meal treated silage (on day 3) had highest gas production potential, organic matter digestibility (OMD) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA). In vitro digestibility of DM and OM were affected by additives (P<0.05). Treatment control (on day 7) had highest partitioning factor, and microbial crud protein efficiency.
Conclusions: Overall, these results indicated that in vitro gas production and digesibilty of G. tournefortii silage were improved by the application of molasses and barley silage as additive and its aerobic stability was improved by using acis asetic.

Keywords

References

  1.  Abarghoei, M., Rouzbehan, Y. and Alipour, D. 2011. Nutritive Value and Silage Characteristics of Whole and Partly Stoned Olive Cakes Treated with Molasses. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 13:709-716.

    1. Ahvengarvi, S., Vanhatalo, A. and Huhtanen, P. 2002. Supplementing barley or reoeseed meal to dairy cows fed grass-red clover silage: I. Rumen dejradability and microbial flow. Journal of Animal Science. 80:2176-2187.
    2. Aksu, T., Baytok, E. and Bolat, D. 2004. Effects of a bacterial silage inoculants on corn silage fermentation and nutrient digestibility. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology. 55:249-252.
    3. Aksu, T., Baytok, E., Karsli, M.A. and Muruz, H. 2006. Effects of formic acid, molasses and inoculants additives on corn silage composition, organic matter digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in s Small Ruminant Research. 61:29-33.
    4. AOAC International. 2003. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 17th E 2nd Revision. Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Association of Analytical Communities.
    5. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
    6. Arbabi, S. and Ghoorchi, T. 2008. The effect of different levels of molasses as silage additives on fermentation quality of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) s Asian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2:43-50.
    7. Ashbell, G., Weinberg, Z.G., Azriel, A., Hen, Y. and Horev, B. 1991. A simple system to study the aerobic deterioration of silages. Canadian Agriculture and Engineering. 33:391–393.
    8. Baytok, E., Aksu, T., Karsli, M.A. and Muruz, M. 2005. The effects of formic acid, molasses and inoculants as silage additives on corn silage composition and ruminal fermentation characteristics in s Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. 29:469-474.
    9. Blummel, M. and Becker, K. 1997. The degradability characteristics of fifty-four roughages and roughage neutral-detergent fibers as described by in vitro gas production and their relationship to voluntary feed intake. British Journal of Nutrition. 77:757-768.
    10. Bouriako, I.A., Shihab, H., Kuri, V. and Margerison, J.K. 2001. Influence of wilting time on silage compositional quality and microbiology of grass clover mixtures. British Society of Animal Science. 88:102-108.
    11. Broderick, G.A. and Kang, J.H. 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Animal Science. 63:64–75.
    12. Dehghani-Banadaky, M., Ghiasvand, M. and Sadeghi, S. 2011. Effect of molasses, starch and enzyme enrichment of sorghum and corn silage on chemical composition and rumen degradability. Animal Science Department. Campus of Agricultural and Natural Resources. University of Tehran. Iran. 89:550-551.
    13. Denek, N. and Can, A. 2006. Feeding value of wet tomato pomace ensiled with wheat straw and wheat grain for Awassi sheep. Small Ruminant Research. 65(3):260-265.
    14. Donmez, N., Karsl, M.A., Cinar, A., Aksu, T. and Baytok, E. 2003. The effects of different silage additives on rumen protozoan number silage additives on rumen protozoan number sheep fed corn s Small Ruminant Research. 48:227-231.
    15. Filya, I. 2003. The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation, aerobic stability, and ruminal degradability of low dry matter corn and sorghum s Journal of Dairy Science. 86:3575–3581.
    16. Getachew, G,. Blummel, M., Makker, H.P.S. and Becker, K. 1998. In vitro gas measuring techniques for assessment of nutritional quality of feeds: a review. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology. 72:261-281.
    17. Getachew, G., Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K. 2002. Tropical browses: content of phenolic compounds, in vitro gas production and stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acids and in vitro gas production. Journal of Agricultural Science. 139:341-352.
    18. Gulsen, N. and Inal, F. 1995. The importance of forage and its problems in Tukey. Türk Veteriner Hekimleri Birliği. 7:48-52.
    19. Hinds, M.A., Bolsen, K.K., Brethour, J., Milliken, G. and Hoover, J. 1985. Effects of molasses/urea and bacterial inoculant additives on silage quality, dry matter recovery and feeding value for cattle. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology. 12:205-214.
    20. Jones, D.I.H., Jones, R. and Moseley, G. 1990. Effect of incorporating rolled barley in autumn-cut ryegrass silage on effluent production silage fermentation and cattle performance. Journal of Agricultural Science. 115(3):399–408.
    21. Kamalak, A., Canbolat, O., Gurbuz, Y., Erol, A. and Ozay, O. 2005. Effect of maturity on the chemical composition, in vitro and in situ dry matter degradation of tumbleweed hay (Gundelia tournefortii). Small Ruminant Research. 58(2):149-156.
    22. Karabulut, A., Ozgur Ozkan, C., Kamalak, A. and Canbolat, O. 2006. Comparison of the nutritive value of a native Turkish forages, tumbleweed hay (Gundelia tournefortii), wheat straw and alfalfa hay using in situ and in vitro measurements with sheep. Latin American Archives of Animal Production. 14 (3):78-83.
    23. Kaya, I., Unal, Y. and Sahin, T. 2009. The effect of cetain additives on grass silage quality. Digestibility and rumen parameters in rams. Journal of Animal and Veterinary A 8:1780-1783.
    24. Kennedy, S.J. 1990. Comparison of the fermentation quality and nutritive value of sulphuric and formic acid-treated silages feed to beef cattle. Journal of Grass and Forage Science. 45:17-28.
    25. Keskun, B. and Yilmaz, H. 2005. Effects of urea or urea plus molasses supplementation to silages with different sorghum Varieties harvested at the quality and In vitro dry matter digestibility of silages. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science. 29:1143-1147.
    26. Khorvash, M., Colombatto, D., Beauchemin, K.A. Ghorbani, G.R. and Samei, A. 2006. Use of absorbants and inoculants to enhance the quality of corn silage. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 86:97-107.
    27. Lardy, G.P., Ulmer, D.N., Anderson, V.L. and Caton, J.S. 2004. Effects of increasing level of supplemental barley on forage intake, digestibility and ruminal fermentation in steers fed medium-quality grass hay. Journal of Animal Science. 82:3662-3668.
    28. Mahala, A.G., Khalifa, I.M. 2007. The effect of molasses levels on quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) silage. Journal Research Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 1:43-46.
    29. Makkar, H.P.S. 2005. In vitro gas methods for evaluation of feeds containing phytochemicals. Journal of Animal Feed Science and T 123:291-302.
    30. Makkar, H.P.S. and Becker, K. 1995. Degradation of condensed tannins by rumen microbes exposed to quebracho tannins (QT) in rumen simulation technique (RISITEC) and effects of QT on fermentative processes in the RUSITEC. Journal of Food and Agriculture 69:495–500.
    31. Makkari, F. Bayatkouhsar, J. Ghanbari, F. and Fallahi H.A. Effect of bacterial additives, organic acid and urea on chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, gas production and digestibility parameters of triticale forage silage in vitro. Animal Production Research. 6 (2):13-27.
    32. McDonald, P., Henderson, A.R. and Heron, S.T.E. 1991. The biochemistry of silage, 2nd ed. Chalcombe Publication, Marlow, UK.
    33. Meglas rivas, M.D., Matine teruel, A., Gallegobarrera, J.A. and sanchc Rodringue, M. 1991. Silage of byproducts of artichoke. Evolution and modification of the quality of fermentation Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 16:141-143.
    34. Menke, K.H. and Steingass, H. 1998. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and D 28:7-55.
    35. Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Solewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D. and Schneider, W. 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agriculture science. 93:217-222.
    36. Mirheydar H. 2001. Herbal Information: Usage of Plants in Prevention and Treatment of Diseases.Tehran, Iran: Islamic Culture Press Center.
    37. J., Zuckerman, E., Sadeh, D., Adin, G., Nikbachat, M., Yosef. E., Ben-Ghedalid, D., Carmi, A., Kipnis. T. and Solomon. R. 2005. Yield, composition and in vitro digestibility of new forage sorghum varieties and their ensilage characteristics. Journal of Animal Feed. Science and Technology 120:17-32.
    38. Moore, C.A. and Kennedy, S.J. 1994. The effect of sugar beet pulp based silage additives on effluent production, fermentation, in silo losses, silage intake and animal p Grass and Forage Science. 49:54–64.
    39. Muck, R.E. and Pitt, R.E. 1994. Aerobic deterioration in corn silage relative to the silo face. Trans. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 37:735-743.
    40. Muck, R.E. 2004. Effects of corn silage inoculants on aerobic stability. Transactions - American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 47:1011-1016.
    41. National Research Council (NRC). 1985. Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. National Academe Press. Washington. D. C. Pp:112.
    42. Nkosi, B.D. and Meeske, R. 2010. Effects of whey and molasses as silage additives on potato hash silage quality and growth performance of lambs. South African Journal of Animal Science. 40 (3):229-237.
    43. Olivera, M.P. 1998. Use of in vitro gas production technique to assess the contribution of both soluble and insoluble fraction on the nutritive value of forage. A thesis submitted to the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, in partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of science in Animal Nutrition.
    44. Orskov, E.R. and McDonald, I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agriculture Science. 92:499-503.
    45. Ozkul, H., Kilic, A. and Polat, M. 2011. Evaluation of mixtures of certain market wastes as silage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 24(9):1243-1248.
    46. Pahlow, G.N., Muck, R.E., Driehuis, F., Ouda Elferink, S.J.W.H. and Spolstra, S.F. 2003. Microbiology of ensiling. Page 31 in silage scince and Technology. Buyton, D. R., Muck, R. E. and Harrison, J. H. American Society of Agronomy: Crop Science Society of America. Soil Science Socity of America, Medison, Wis.
    47. Parker, Riches, C.R. 1993. Parasitic weed of the world biology and control. CAB International, walling ford, UK. Pp:332.
    48. Pettersson, K. and Lindgren, S. 1989. The influence of the carbohydrate fraction and additives on silage quality. Grass and Forage Science. 45:223.
    49. Phllip, L.E., Underhill, L. and Garino, H. 1990. Effects of treating Lucerne with an inoculums of lactic acid bacteria or formic acid upon chemical changes during fermentation, and upon the nutritive value of the silage for lambs. Grass and Forage Science. 45: 337-348.
    50. Ranjit, N.K., Taylor, C.C. and Kung. Jr. L. 2002. Effect of lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on the fermentation, aerobic stability and nutritive value of maize silage. Grass and Forage Science. 57:73-81.
    51. Rooke, J.A. and Hatfield, R.D. 2003. Biochemistry of ensiling. In: “Silage Science and Technology”, (eds. D.R. Buxton, R.R. Muck and J.H. Harrison), Agronomy Series no. 42, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA. 95–139.
    52. Saidali Doulatabad, S., Ghorbani, G., Khorvash,, Hedayati pour A. and Mohammadzadeh, H. 2012. Effects of using processed pith and molasses on chemical composition and fermentation quality of sugar beet pulp silage. 5th Iranian Animal Sciences congress. University of Isfahan. (In Persian).
    53. Saidali Doulatabad, S., Ghorbani, G., Khorvash, M., Hedayati pour, A. and Mohammadzadeh, h. 2012. Effects of using pith and molasses on nutritive value and digestibility of sugar beet pulp silage. 5th Iranian Animal Sciences congress. University of Isfahan.(In Persian).
    54. 2003. SAS User’s Guide Statistics. Version 9.1 Edition. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.
    55. Seglar, B. 2003. Fermentation analysis and silage quality testing. Proceedings of the Minnesota Dairy Health Conference. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota.
    56. Sommart, K., Parker, D.S., Rowlinson, P. and Wanapat, M. 2000. Fermentation characteristics and microbial protein synthesis in an in vitro system using casava, rice straw and dried ruzi grass as substrates. Asian-Aust Journal Animal Science. 13:1084-1093.
    57. Spoelstra, S.F., Steg, A. and Beuvink, J.M.W. 1990. Application of cell wall degrading enzymes to grass silage. In: J.J. Dekkers, H.C. van der Plas and D.K. Vuijk (Eds), Agricultural Biotechnology in Focus in The Netherlands, Pudoc, Wageningen.
    58. Strobel, H. J. and Russell, J.B. 1986. Effect of pH and energy spilling on bacterial protein synthesis by carbohydrate-limited cultures of mixed rumen bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science 69:2941–2947.
    59. Theodore, M.K., Williams, B.A., Dhanoa, M.S., McAllan, A.B. and France, J. 1994. A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology. 48:185–197.
    60. Tolera, A., Khazaal, K. and Ørskov, E.R. 1997. Nutritive evaluation of some browses species. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology. 67:181-195.
    61. Valizadeh, R., Madayni, M., Sobhanirad, S., Salemi, M. and Norouzian, M.A. 2009. Feeding value of Kangar (Gundelia tournefortii) hay and the growth performance of Bluchi lambs fed by diets containing this hay. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 8 (7):1332-1336.
    62. Valizadeh, R., Mahmoudi-Abyaneh, M. and Salahi, M. 2015. Chemical composition, rumen degradability and fermentation characteristics of fresh pragmates australis ensiled with different additives. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research. 7(2):120-128.
    63. Valizadeh, R., Naserian, A.A. and Ajdarifard, A. 2004. The Biochemistry of S 2nd edition. Ferdowsi University Publication.
    64. Van Soest P.J. 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. Second edition. Cornell University Press. New York. 14850, U.S.A. 476-496.
    65. Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J. B. and Lewis, B.A.1991. Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science. 74(10):3583-3597.
    66. Weiss, B. and Underwood, J. 2002. Silage additives. Ohio State University Extension Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Columbus, Ohio. Pp:7.
    67. Yakota, H., Kim, J.H.; Okajima, T. andOhshima, M. 1992. Nutritional quality of wilted Napier grass ensiled with or without molasses. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 5:673-676.
    68. Zarrin, M., Samadian, F., Ostadian, S., and Ahmadpour, A. 2018. Effect of treating Tumbleweed with urea and molasses on chemical composition and digestibility of its silage. Animal Production Research. 7(1):13-21.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Volume 9, Issue 3
December 2021
Pages 1-24

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics