The Effects of Milk Supplement (Roumak Extra) on Performance, Nutritonal and Non-Nutritional Behavior of Holstein Suckling Calves

Authors

1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculure, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Perofessor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz

3 Assistant Perofessor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of milk supplementation (Roumak Extra) on performance of infant Holstein calves. Roumak Extra supplement was prepared from Soha Aghrin Tech Co. which consists of vitamins (water soluble and fat soluble), Micro minerals and probiotics. The average birth weight of calves was 36.76 ± 5.80 kg. Each treatment consisted of 10 calves which were examined in individual boxes for 60 days (4 periods of 15-day). This research was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments as follows: 1-control treatment without supplementation of Roumak Extra 2- Treatment A by adding15 grams Roumak Extra supplement per liter of milk 3- Treatment B with the addition of 25 grams Roumak Extra supplement per liter of milk. Whole milk was fed to calves at two meal at 900 and 1700. Starter were identical in terms of crude protein (%20) and Metabolizable energy (3.3 Mcal/kg). Calves had free access to starter and water from the beginning of the plan. All data were analyzed by Mixed procedures of SAS software. Body weight changes and daily gain were not significant between the supplemental calves and the control group (P˃0.05). Consumption of starter was significantly higher in control group when compared with supplement recieved treatments (P<0.05). Dry matter digestibility increased in supplemented treatments when compared to control group (P<0.05). However, feed conversion ratio were improved in supplemented treatments (P<0.05). Roumak Extra supplementation has no significant effect on water and straw consumption time (P˃0.05). However, here is no significant difference between treatments in terms of lying, standing and ruminating time (P˃0.05). However, the time of starter consumption was higher in control group when compared with supplemented treatments (P<0.05). Blood concentration of albumin, glucose and betahydroxybutyrate were not affected by supplementation (P˃0.05). But, blood total protein and urea concentration was higher in control group when compared with supplement received calves. The effect of vitamin and mineral supplementation of Roumak Extra on the growth of the skeletal system (round the chest, widther height and loin height) was also were not significant between treatments (P˃0.05). In general, despite the decrease in feed intake and the time spent on it in supplement received calves in this experiment, due to higher dry matter digestibility and improvement in feed conversion ratio, the final weight and daily weight gain of the receiving calves on supplemented were same as control group representing an improvement in calves' performance.

Keywords


  1. 1.Asadi, M., Toghdori, A., and Ghoorchi, T. 2018. Effect of oral and injectable selenium and vitamin E on performance, blood parameters and digestibility of nutrients in Dalagh breed lambs. Journal of Animal Science Researches. 20: 87-79. (In Persian)

    2.Chen, J.C., Chang, C.J., Peh, H.C., and Chen, S.Y.1999. Serum protein levels and neonatal growth rate of Nubian goat

    kids in Taiwan area. Journal of Small Ruminant Research. 32: 153-160.

    3.Darezershkipoor, M., Parsaeimehr, K., Hossenzadeh, S., and Farhoomand, P. 2014. The effects of different levels of prebiotic (A-MAX) on digestibility, and blood biochemical parameters in West Azarbaijan kids. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 28: 314-321. (In Persian)

    1. Dehghan-banadaky, M., Krueger, L.A., Stabel, J.R., and Beitz, D.C. 2015. Effects of Complete Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation in Full Potential All-milk Diets on Growth and Health of Holstein Bull Calves. Journal of Animal Industry Report. AS 661, ASL R2968.

    5.Hill, T.M., Bateman, H.G., Aldrich, J.L., Schlotterbeck, R.L., and Tanan, K.G. 2007. Optimal Concentrations of Lysine, Methionine, and Threonine in Milk Replacers for Calves Less than Five Weeks of Age. Journal of Dairy Science. 91: 2433-2442.

    6.Hill, T.M., Bateman, H.G., Aldrich, J.M., and Schlotterbeck, R.L. 2009. Optimizing nutrient ratios in milk replacers for calves less than five weeks of age. Journal of Dairy Science. 92: 3281-3291.

    7.Juniper, D.T., Phipps, R.H., Givens, D.L., Jones, A.K., Green, C., and Bertin, G. 2008. Tolerance of ruminants animals to high dose in-feed administration of selenium enriched yeast. Journal of Animal Science. 86: 197-204.

    8.Hoseinabadi, M., Dehghan Banadaki, M. and Zali, A. 2013. The effect of adding probiotic bacteria in milk or initial feed on growth performance, health status, blood and stomatal parameters of Holstein calves. Journal of Animal Science Research. 8: 69-57. (In Persian)

    1. Mecitoglu, Z. 2017. Effects of Vitamin and Trace Element Supplementation on Weight Gain and Health of Calves Fed Raw or Pasteurized Waste Milk.

    10.Mohri, M., Ehsani, A., Norouzian, M.A., Heidarpour, M., and Seifi, H.A. 2011. Parenteral selenium and vitamin E supplementation to lambs: hematology, serum biochemistry, performance and relationship with other trace elements. Journal of Biological Trace Element Research. 139: 308-316.

    11.Mohammadi, R., Rahchamani, R., NorouziEbdalabadi, M., BayatkouHsar, J., and Moslemipoor, F. 2015. The effect of injection of iron, coper, cobalt and vitamin B12 on some structural growth measurements in suckling calves. Conference of New Researches in Animal Science. 941-943. (In Persian)

    12.National Research Council. 2005. Mineral Tolerance of Animals, second revised ed. National Academic Science. Washington, DC.

    13.Nonneche, B.J., Foote, M.R., Miller, B.L., Bietz, D.C., and Horst, R.L. 2010. Short communication: Fat-soluble vitamin and mineral status of milk replacer-fed dairy calves: Effect of growth rate during the preruminant period. Journal of Dairy Science. 93: 2684-2690.

    14.Pradose, L.F., Sathler, D.F.T., Silva, B.C., Zanetti, D., Valadares Filho, D.C., Alhadas, H.M., Detmann, E., Santos, S.A., Mariz, L.D.S., and Chizzotti, M.L. 2017. Reducing mineral usage in feedlot diets for Nellore cattle: II. Impacts of calcium, phosphorus, copper, manganese, and zinc contents on intake, performance, and liver and bone status. Journal of Animal Science. 95: 1766-1776.

    15.Rezaei, T., Khodaeimotlagh, M., and Kazemi, M. 2016. The effect of feeding zinc-glycine supplement on performance, skeletal growth and fertility parameters in Holstein bull calves. Journal of Animal Science Researches. 113. 67-76. (In Persian)

    16.Salles, M.S.V., Zanetti, M.A., Junior, L.C.R., Salles, F.A., Azzolini, A.E.C.S., Soares, E.M., Faccioli, L.H., and Walim, Y.M.L. 2014. Performance and immune response of suckling calves fed organic selenium. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology. 188: 28-35.  

    17.Sani, M., Khorvash, M., Rahmani, H.R., and Sadri, H. 2012. Effects of hormone or mineral–vitamin enriched colostrum on performance and weaning age of Holstein calves. Journal of Livestock Science. 149: 190-194.

    18.Sasani, H., Rahchamani, R., Mostafaloo, Y. and Sadegi-Nasab, A. 2015. Effects of injection of vitamin E and selenium on absorption of colostrum immunoglobulin, some blood parameters, performance and growth indices in calves. Journal of Animal and Poultry Research. Pp: 11-22.

    19.Teixeira, A.G., Lima, F.S., Bicalho, M.L., Kussler, A., Lima, S.F., Felippe, M.J., and Bicalho, R.C. 2014. Effect of an injectable trace mineral supplement containing selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese on immunity, health, and growth of dairy calves. Journal of  Dairy Science. 97(7): 4216-4226.

    20.Tomasi, T., Volpato, A., and Pereira, W.A.B. 2018. Metaphylactic effect of minerals on the immune response, biochemical variables and antioxidant status of newborn calves. Journal of Animal Physiology Animal Nutrition. 63:1-6.

    21.Vira Salles, M.S., Zanetti, M.A., Roma Junior, L.C., Salles, F.A., Azzolini, A.E.C.S., Soares, E.M., Faccioli, L.H., and Valim, Y.L.M. 2014. Performance and immune response of suckling calves fed organic selenium. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology. 188:28-31.

    22.Wnuk, W., Odoj, J., Bis-Wencel, H., Saba, L., Nowakowiez-Debek, B., and Bombic, T. 2003. Milk and hair coat as indicators of macro elements content in cow,s at different stages of lactation. Annales University. M. Curie. Sklodowska Lublin- Polonia, Vol. XXI, N2, 96: 333-344.