Effect of different levels of pomegranate seed oil in diet on blood parameters and fatty acid pattern of Bicepsfemoris muscle in fattening Sanjabi male lambs

Authors

1 Animal Science department, agriculture faculty, Razi university, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Animal Science department, agriculture faculty, Razi university, kermanshah, Iran

Abstract

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Improvement of the quality of animal products by new scientific and practical methods is one of the important goals of animal nutritionists. Rearing systems based on low access to pasture decrease the useful fatty acids in animal products. Several studies have been shown that feeding strategies are known as the most effective factor on alteration of fatty acid composition of muscle and fatty tissues in ruminants. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the influence of Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) with higher ratio of unsaturated fatty acids, steroidal and polyphenolic compounds on blood metabolites and fatty acid profiles in bicepsfemoris muscles in the fattening lambs.
Materials and Methods: Twenty one male Sanjabi lambs (BW=27.5±2.6 kg, 3-4 months old) were used to evaluate the effects of PSO supplementation on blood parameters and fatty acid pattern of bicepsfemoris muscle. Lambs were randomly distributed between three treatments (control, and diets containing 2 and 4% of PSO) and were fed adlibitum for 90 days. The experimental diets were formulated (DM basis) to be isonitrogenous (CP=14.7%) and isocaloric (ME=2.6 Mcal/kgDM) and to meet NRC (2001) .Blood samples were taken from each lamb (10 ml) at the end of first, second, and third months and metabolite parameters concentration in blood were measured. Samples of Bicepsfemoris muscle were dissected and homogenized for determination of fatty acid composition to the procedure described by Folch et al. (1957). Fatty acid derivatives were prepared by methylation of the fatty acids (Metcalfe and Schmitz, 1961). The pattern of Fatty acids were determined by using gas chromatography apparatus (17, 37). This study was based on completely randomized design. Data were analyzed statistically by general linear model (GLM) procedure and means comparing were done by Duncan's multi-domain test with SAS (2004) software version 9.1 (51).
Results: Results show that concentration of AST, ALT and ALP, insulin, uric acid and creatinine, were not affected by different levels of PSO in diet. No significant difference was observed in the amount of palmitic, stearic, myristic, linoleic acid (C18: 2) and linolenic acid (C18: 3) in bicepsfemoris muscle. Addition of PSO at level of 4% decreased (P <0.05) the MUFA level compared to control (47.69 vs. 39.08). Mean PUFA and PUFA to SFA ratio in bicepsfemoris muscle of lambs received PSO were higher than those in the control group (2.3 and 2.2 times, respectively). However, these differences were not significantly different. Total amount of omega-3 fatty acids (PUFA n-3) significantly increased due to feeding PSO.
Conclusion: Due to positive trend observed in MUFA, n-3 fatty acids and PUFA: SFA ratio, with increasing the levels of PSO, addition 4% of this oil in the diet of fattening lambs is recommended.

Keywords

References

  1. Adeniyi, F.A., Adeleye, O.J. and Adeniyi, Y.C. 2010. Diabetes, sexual dysfunction and therapeutic exercise: a 20 year review: Current Diabetes Reviews. 6(4): 201-206.
  2. Adeyemi, O.T. and Muhammad, N.O. 2010. Effect of Aspergillus niger fermented chrysophyllum albidum seed meal on growth and hematological parameters in tats. International Journal Bioscience. 5: 3-7.
  3. Akanji, M.A., Olagoke, O.A. and Oloyede, O.B. 1993. Effect of chronic consumption of metabisulphite on the integrity of the rat kidney cellular system. Toxicology Journal. 81(3): 173-179.
  4. Aksoy, N. H., Karaşahin, T., Dursun, Ş., Akbulut, N. K., Haydardedeoğlu, A. E., İlgün, R., and Büyükleblebici, O. 2018. Comparative investigation of some liver enzyme functions considering age and gender distinctions in healthy akkaraman sheep. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. 35(3): 71-75.
  5. Ayerza, R., Coates, W. and Lauria, M. 2002. Chia seed (Salvia hispanica) as an omega-3 fatty acid source for broilers: influence on fatty acid composition, cholesterol and fat content of white and dark meats, growth performance, and sensory characteristics. Journal of Poultry Science. 81(6): 826-837.
  6. Bas, P., Hervieu, J., Morand-Fehr, P. and Sauvant, D. 1982. Factors influencing the composition of the fat in slaughter kids: effects on quality of carcass fat. Nutrition and Feeding System for the Goat. 1: 90- 100.
  7. Basiri, Sh., Shahidi, F., Farhoush, R. and Kadkhodai, R. 2012. Determination of physicochemical and thermal properties of oil extracted from pomegranate seed in Sabzevar. Journal of Innovation in Food Science and Technology 4: 97-107(In Persian).
  8. Belury, M.A. Inhibition of carcinogenesis by conjugated linoleic acid: potential mechanisms of action. Journal of Nutrition. 132: 2995-2998.
  9. Bhatt, R.S., Soren, N.M., Tripathi, M.K. and Karim, S.A. 2011. Effects of different levels of coconut oil supplementation on performance, digestibility, rumen fermentation and carcass traits of Malpura lambs. Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology. 164(2): 29-37.
  10. Boles, J.A., Kott, R.W., Hatfield, P.G., Bergman, J.W. and Flynn, C.R. 2005. Supplemental safflower oil affects the fatty acid profile, including conjugated linoleic acid, of lamb. Journal of Animal Science. 83(9): 2175-2181.
  11. Byers, F.M. and Schelling, G.T. 1988. Lipids in Ruminant Nutrition. Waveland Press Inc., Prospect Heights, IL. Pp: 311.
  12. Connell, A., Calder, A.G., Anderson, S.E. and Lobley, G.E. 1997. Hepatic protein synthesis in the sheep: effect of intake as by use of stable-isotope-labelled glycine, leucine and phenylalanine. British Journal of Nutrition. 77(2): 255-271.
  13. Contreras, P.A., Wittwer, F. and Böhmwald, H. 2000. Using metabolic profiles in nutritional monitoring of sheep. Twelve researches in veterinary clinical biochemistry. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Pp: 77-82 (In Portuguese).
  14. Dayani, O., Dadvar, P. and Afsharmanesh, M. 2011. Effect of dietary whole cottonseed and crude protein level on blood parameters and performance of fattening lambs. Journal of Small Ruminant Research. 97(1-3): 48-54.
  15. 2009. Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Project document for a regional standard for Pomegranate. Rome, Italy.
  16. Faria, A. and Calhau, C. 2010. Pomegranate in Human Health: An Overview. In: Ronald Ross W, Victor RP, editors. Bioactive Foods in Promoting Health. San Diego: Academic Press. Pp: 551-63.
  17. Folch, J., Lees, M. and Stanley, G.S. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 226(1) 497-509.
  18. Garcia, M.R., Amstalden, M., Morrison, C.D., Keisler, D.H. and Williams, G.L. 2003. Age at puberty, total fat and conjugated linoleic acid content of carcass, and circulating metabolic hormones in beef heifers fed a diet high in linoleic acid beginning at four months of age. Journal of Animal Science. 81(1): 261-268.
  19. Garcia-Bojalil, C.M., Staples, C.R., Risco, C.A., Savio, J.D. and Thatcher, W. W. 1998. Protein degradability and calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids in the diets of lactating dairy cows: productive responses. Journal of Dairy Science. 81(5): 1374-1384.
  20. Gray, C. H. and Howarth, P.J.N. 1980 Clinical Chemical Pathology. London, UK, 9th Edn.
  21. Grundy, S.M. 1994. Influence of stearic acid on cholesterol metabolism relative to other long-chain fatty acids. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 60(6): 986-990.
  22. Hedvig, F., János, C., Szilvia, H., Emese, A., Szilárd, M. and Ildikó, V. 2004. Investigation the physiological effect of different fat supplements in sheep. Journal of Hungarian Veterinarians. 126(7): 395-402 (In Hungarian).
  23. Hirano, Y., Yokota, H. and Kita, K. 2003. Increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration in goats fed sesame meal is related to ether extract fraction included in the meal. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 16(4): 511-514.
  24. Hodson, L., Skeaff, C.M. and Chisholm, W.A. 2001. The effect of replacing dietary saturated fat with polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat on plasma lipids in free-living young adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 55(10): 908.
  25. Jenkins, T.C. 1993. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science. 76(12): 3851-3863.
  26. Kaneko, J., Harvey, J.W. and Brus, M.L. 1997. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, Academic Press, Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Inc. Pp: 932.
  27. Karampour, A. and Kafilzadeh, F. 2016. The effects of pomegranate seed oil in the diet on digestibility, ruminal fermentation parameters and performance of fattening lambs. Journal of Animal Production. 18(3): 491-500 (In Persian).
  28. Khan, S.A., Ahmed, N., and Tunio, M.T. 2019. Incidence of liver fluke infestation and pathological examination in sheep (Ovis aries) in Mirpur Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pure and Applied Biology.  8(1): 750-761.
  29. Khodami, A., Bin Che Man, Y. and Roberts, T. 2014. Physico-chemical properties and fatty acid profile of seed oils from pomegranate (Punica granatum) extracted by cold pressing. Journal of Lipid Science Technology. 116: 553-562.
  30. Kim, C.M., Kim, J.H., Oh, Y.K., Park, E.K., Ahn, G.C., Lee, G.Y. and Park, K.K. 2009. Effects of flaxseed diets on performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition of Hanwoo steers. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 22(8): 1151-1159.
  31. Kita, K., Oka, M. and Yokota, H. 2003. Dietary fatty acid increases body weight gain without a change in rumen fermentation in fattening cattle. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 16(1): 39-43.
  32. Kott, R.W., Hatfield, P.G., Bergman, J.W., Flynn, C.R., Van Wagoner, H. and Boles, J.A. 2003. Feedlot performance, carcass composition, and muscle and fat CLA concentrations of lambs fed diets supplemented with safflower seeds. Small Ruminant Research. 49(1): 11-17.
  33. Kromhout, D., Menotti, A., Bloemberg, B., Aravanis, C., Blackburn, H., BUzINA, R. and Karvonen, M.A. 1995. Dietary saturated and transfatty acids and cholesterol and 25-year mortality from coronary heart disease: the seven countries study. Journal of Preventive Medicine. 24(3): 308-315.
  34. LaBrune, H.J., Reinhardt, C.D., Dikeman, M.E. and Drouillard, J.S. 2008. Effects of grain processing and dietary lipid source on performance, carcass characteristics, plasma fatty acids, and sensory properties of steaks from finishing cattle. Journal of Animal Science. 86(1): 167-172.
  35. Lubbadeh, W., Haddadin, M.S.Y., Al-Tamimi, M.A. and Robinson, R.K. 1999. Effect on the cholesterol content of fresh lamb of supplementing the feed of Awassi ewes and lambs with Lactobacillus acidophilus. Journal of Meat Science. 52(4): 381-385.
  36. Metcalfe, L.D. and Schmitz, A.A. 1961. The rapid preparation of fatty acid esters for gas chromatographic analysis. Analytical Chemistry. 33(3): 363-364.
  37. Mohammad, B.F., AL-Zghoul, R.K., AL-Rukibat, A.Q., Talafha, O.A. and Zuhair, A.B.I. 2008. Cellular and some biochemical changes in blood and peritoneal fluid constituents in Awassi lambs following elective castration. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 3(1): 23-27.
  38. 1985. Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. National Academy of Press, Washington, DC.
  39. Nestel, P., Clifton, P. and Noakes, M. 1994. Effects of increasing dietary palmitoleic acid compared with palmitic and oleic acids on plasma lipids of hypercholesterolemic men. Journal of Lipid Research. 35(4): 656-662.
  40. Ophardt, C.E. 2003. Diagnostic serum enzymes. http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/ vchembook/ 641 serum enzymes.html.
  41. Palmquist, D.L. 1994. The role of dietary fats in efficiency of ruminants. Journal of 124: 1377–1382.
  42. Perez, J.M., Bories, G., Aumaitre, A., Barrier-Guillet, B., Delaveau, A., Gueguen, L., Larbier, M. and Sauvant, D. 2002. Consequences in animal husbandry and for the consumer of the replacement of meal and animal fats. INRA Production of Animal. 15: 87–96 (In French).
  43. Radunz, A.E., Wickersham, L.A., Loerch, S.C., Fluharty, F.L., Reynolds, C.K. and Zerby, H.N. 2009. Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on fatty acid composition in muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of lambs. Journal of Animal Science. 87(12): 4082-4091.
  44. Rafalowski, W. and Park, C.S. 1982. Whole sunflower seed as a fat supplement for lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 65(8): 1484-1492.
  45. Rao, M.N. 2006. Medical biochemistry for Medical, Dental, Nursing, Physiotherapy, Pharmacy, Food Science, Nutrition and Science Students. 2nd Revised Edition, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi. 743-780.
  46. Scollan, N., Gulati, S., Wood, J. and Enser, M. 2001. The effects of including ruminally protected lipid in the diet of charolais steers on animal performance, carcass quality and the fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi muscle. In international congress of Meat Science and Technology. 47: 112-113.
  47. Shahjahan, M., Sabitha, K.E., Jainu, M. and Devi, C.S. 2004. Effect of solanum trilobatum against carbon tetra chloride induced hepatic damage in albino rats. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 120: 194-198.
  48. Smith, S.B., Clare, A.G., David, K.L. and Matthew, A.B. 2009. Regulation of fat and fatty acid composition in beef cattle. Asian-Aust. Journal of Animal Science. 22(9): 1225 – 1233.
  49. Solomon, M.B., Lynch, G.P. and Lough, D.S. 1992. Influence of dietary palm oil supplementation on serum lipid metabolites, carcass characteristics, and lipid composition of carcass tissues of growing ram and ewe lambs. Journal of Animal Science. 70(9): 2746-2751.
  50. SAS Institute. 2003. STAT user's guide: Statistics. Version 9.1. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis System Institute
  51. Warner, R.D., Greenwood, P.L., Pethick, D.W. and Ferguson, D.M. 2010. Genetic and environmental effects on meat quality. Journal of Meat Science. 86(1): 171–183.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Volume 8, Issue 1
June 2020
Pages 17-34

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics