1. Abdelgadir, I.E.O., Morrill, J.L. and
Higgins, J.J. 1996. Effect of roasted
soybeans and corn on performance and
ruminal and blood metabolites of dairy
calves. J. Dairy. Sci. 79: 465-474.
2. Aldrich, C.G., Merchen, N.R. and
Drackley, J.K. 1995. The effect of
roasting temperature applied to whole
soybeans on site of digestion by steers:
I. Organic matter, energy, fiber, and
fatty acid digestion. Neutral detergent
fiber(NDF) Animal. Sci. 73: 2120-2130.
3. Alipoure, H.R. and Amanlou, H. 2014.
Effects of different levels of whole
soybeans on performance of lactating
Holstein dairy cows in early lactation
period . J. Ruminant. Res. 1(4): 31-46.
4. Amanlou, H., Maheri-Sis, N., Bassiri,
S., Mirza-Aghazadeh, A., Salamatdust,
R., Moosavi, A. and Karimi, V. 2012.
Nutritional value of raw soybeans,
extruded soybeans, roasted soybeans
and tallow as fat sources in early
lactating dairy cows. J. Vet. 2: 88-94.
5. AOAC. 2006. Official Methods of
Analysis, 19th ed. Official Methods of
Analysis of AOAC International,
Gaithersurg, MD, USA.
6. Ariza, P., Bach, M.D., Stern, M.D. and
Hall, M.D. 2001. Effects of
carbohydrates from citrus pulp and
hominy feed on microbial fermentation
in continuous culture. J. Animal. Sci. 79:
2713–2718.
7. Bailoni, L., Bortolozzo, A., Mantovani,
R., Simonetto, A., Schiavon, S. and
Bittante, G. 2004. Feeding dairy cows
with full fat extruded or toasted soybean
seeds as replacement of soybean meal
and effects on milk yield, fatty acid
profile and CLA content. Ita. J. animal.
Sci. 3: 243-258.
8. Erjaei, K., Zali, A., Ganjkhanloo, M.
and Dehghan-Banadaky, M. 1391.
Effect of wheat processing with
different fat sources on performance,
blood and ruminal metabolites of
Holstein bull. J. animal. Sci. 22(4): 127-
9. Faldet, M., Voss. V., Broderick, G. and
Satter, L. 1991. Chemical, in vitro, and
in situ evaluation of heat-treated
soybean proteins. J. Dairy. Sci. 74:
2548-2554.
10. Faldet, M.A., Satter. L.D. and
Broderick, G.A. 1992a. Determining
optimal heat treatment of soybeans by
measuring available lysine chemically
and biologically with rates to maximize
protein utilization by ruminants. J.
nutrition. 122: 151-160.
11. F.A.O. 2010. Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations.
Web site, In: http://faostat.fao.org.
12. Fathi Nasri, M.H., Danesh Mesgaran,
M., Kebreab, E. and France, J. 2007.
Past peak lactational performance of
Iranian Holstein cows fed raw or roasted
whole soybeans. Can. J. Animal. Sci.
87(3): 441-447.
13. Fathi Nasri, M.H., France, J., Danesh
Mesgaran, M. and Kebreab, E. 2008.
Effect of heat processing on ruminal
degradability and intestinal
disappearance of nitrogen and amino
acids in Iranian whole soybean. G.
Livestock. Sci. 113: 43-51.
14. Grummer, R.R., Luck, M.L. and
Barmore, J.A. 1994. Locational
performance of dairy cowsfed raw
soybeans, with or without animal byproduct
proteins, or roasted soybeans. J.
Dairy. Sci. 77(5): 1354-1359.
15. Imani Rad, M., Rouzbehan, Y., and
Rezaei, J. 2016. Effect of dietary
replacement of alfalfa with ureatreatedalmond
hulls on intake, growth,
digestibility, microbial nitrogen,
nitrogen retention, ruminal fermentation,
and blood parameters in fattening lambs.
J. Animal. Sci. 94: 349– 358 .
16. Kim, S., Lee, J. and Park, S. 2016.
Effects of full-fat soybean diet on
performance, carcass characteristics, and
fatty acid composition of Hanwoo
steers. Turkish. J. Veterinary and
Animal. Sci. 40: 451-458.
17. Krishnamoorthy, U., Muscato, T.,
Sniffen, C. and Van Soest, P. 1982.
Nitrogen fractions in selected feedstuffs.
J. Dairy. Sci. 65: 217-225.
18. Leeson, S.J. and Atteh, J.O. 1996.
Response of broiler chicks to dietary
full-fat soybeans extruded at different
temperatures prior to and after grinding.
J. Animal. Feed. Sci. Technology. 57:
239-245.
19. Liu, Z.L., Yang, D.P., Chen, P., Lin,
S.B., Jiang, X.Y., Zhao, W.S., Li, J.M.
and Dong, W.X. 2008. Effect of dietary
sources of roasted oilseeds on blood
parameters and milk fatty acid
composition. J. Anim. Sci. 5: 219–226.
20. Maekawa, M., Beauchemin, K.A. and
Christensen, D.A. 2002. Chewing
activity, saliva production, and ruminal
pH of primiparous and multiparous
Lactating Dairy Cows. J. Dairy. Sci. 85:
1176–1182.
21. McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A.,
Greenhalgh, J.F.D., Morgan, C.A. 2002.
Animal Nutrition, sixth ed. Longman,
London UK. 451–464.
22. Mertens, D.R. 1997. Creating a system
for meeting the fiber requirements of
dairy Cow. J. Dairy. Sci. 80: 1463-1481.
23. Mialon, M.M., Renand, G., Ortigues-
Marty, I., Bauchart, D., Hocquette, J.F.,
Mounier, L., Noel, T., Micol, D. and
Doreau. M. 2015. Fattening
performance, metabolic indicators, and
muscle composition of bulls fed fiberrich
versus starch plus lipid-rich
concentrate diets. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 319-
24. Monica, P., Iofciu, A., Grossu, D. and
Iiescu, M. 2001. Efficiency of toasted
full fat soybeans utilization in broiler
feeding. Archiva Zootechnica. 6: 151-
25. Moradi, M., Maghsoudlou, S., Rostami,
F. and Mostafalou, Y. 2013. Effects of
Different Levels of Substitution of
Extruded Soybean with Soybean Meal
and Vitamin E Supplementation on
Performance and Carcass Characteristics
of Broiler Chicks. Res. Anim. Prod.
1(4): 15-25.
26. Moura, L.V., Oliveira, E.R. and
Fernandes, A.R.M. 2017. Feed
efficiency and carcass traits of feedlot
lambs supplemented either monensin or
increasing doses of copaiba (Copaifera
spp.) essential oil. J. Anim. Feed. Sci.
and Technology. 232: 110-118.
27. Nutrition, N.R.C. 2001. Nutrient
Requirement of Dairy Cattle, (National
Academies).
28. Nutrition, N.R.C 2007. Nutrient
Requirements of Small Ruminants:
Sheep, Goats, Cervids and New
Camelids. (National Academies).
29. Rabiee, A.R., Breinhild, K., Scott, W.,
Golder, H.M., Block, E. and Lean, I.J.
2012. Effect of fat additions to diets of
dairy cattle on milk production and
components: A meta-analysis and metaregression.
J. Dairy. Sci. 95: 3225–
3247.
30. Reddy, P.V., Morrill, J.L. and Bates,
L.S. 1993. Effect of roasting
temperatures on soybean utilization by
young dairy calves. J. Dairy. Sci. 76:
1387-1393.
31. Robles, V.L., González, A., Ferret, A.,
Manteca, X. and Calsamiglia, S. 2007.
Effects of feeding frequency on intake,
ruminal fermentation, and feeding
behavior in heifers fed high-concentrate
diets. J. Anim. Sci. 85: 2538-2547.
32. Rong, Y., Jian-guo, H., Xian, Z.,
Zhiqiang, L. and Yuzhu, H. 2010.
Effects of different corn silage: Alfalfa
silage ratios and full fat extruded
soybeans on milk composition,
conjugated linoleic acids content in milk
fat and performance of dairy cows. Afr.
J. Biotechnol. 9: 5465-5464.
33. Sadr Erhami, E., Ghorbani, G., Kargar,
S. and Sadeghi sefid Mazgi, A. 2015.
Effect of feeding processed soybean as
replacement for soybean meal on
performanc physically effective fiber of
diet, feed intake, and chewing behavior
of mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows.
Iranian J. Vet. Clinic. Sci. 2: 87-102. (In
Persian).
34. Schwab, C.G., Tylutki, T.P., Ordway,
R.S., Sheaffer, C. and Stern, M.D. 2003.
Characterization of proteins in feeds. J.
Dairy. Sci. 86: E88-E103.
35. Stokes, C.K., Miller, B.G., Bailey, M.,
Wson, A.D. and Bourne, F.J. 1987. The
Immune response to dietary antigens
and its influence on disease
susceptibility in farm animals. J. Vet.
Immu. 17: 413-423.
36. Tahmasbi, A.M., Aazami, M.H. and
Naserian, A.A. 1396. Effects of
substitution of processed soybean seed
with soybean meal on performance,
nutrient digestibility, and some blood
and ruminal parameters in Holstein
dairy cows. J. Rumin. Res. 5(4): 61-72.
37. Van Keulen, J. and Young, B.A. 1977.
Acid insoluble ash as a natural marker
for digestibility studies. J. Dairy. Sci.
44: 282-287.
38. Van Soest, P.J. 1994. Nutritional
Ecology of the Ruminant. 2nd ed.
Cornell University Press, Comstock
Publications. New York, NY, USA. Pp:
476.
39. Yang, W.Z., Beauchemin, K.A. and
Rode, L.M., 2000. Effects of barley
grain processing on extent of digestion
and milk production of lactating cows. J.
Dairy. Sci. 83: 554-568.
)
