Effect of high levels of zinc supplementation in feed on blood serum leptin concentration in late gestation cows, calves serum immunoglobulin G and total protein and their health

Authors

Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University

Abstract

Background and objectives: Increase in blood Zn bioavailability improves production and immune system. Due to the relation among zinc, leptin and immune system, this trial conducted to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation more than NRC recommendation on serum concentration of zinc and leptin in late gestation cows and its consequent colostral IgG and also its passive transfer to newborn calves, calves serum total protein and health scores.
Materials and methods: This trial was conducted from 25 days before expected parturition day to 30 days after calving. Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows by mean of 3.1 and 2.9 lactation for control and high zinc level treatment respectively, fed diets containing 75 and 150 mg/kg of dry mater Zn. Feeding was once a day at 09:00. Diets were isocalorie and isonitrogenous and the only difference was the proportion of Zn. Blood samples were taken from cows tail vein to determine Zn and leptin concentrations on -25 and -5 days relative to estimated parturition time. Immediately postcalving, calves were weighed and removed from the dam to prevent nursing and cows were moved to a maternity barn, milked, and a colostrum sample was collected. Calves fed colostrum of their own dam and a sample of colostrum used to determine concentration of IgG. Calves jugular vein used for blood sampling to test seral IgG and total protein twenty-four hour after birth. Individual animal health score (nasal, eye and ear, fecal, cough and rectal temperature) were assigned (using a calf health-scoring system developed by the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison) to calves for 30 days.

Results: Using 150 mg/kg of Zn in the diet increased seral Zn and leptin 5 days before calving compared with control (P<0.05). Colostral IgG and also calves seral IgG and total protein increased by consuming high level of Zn. Positive correlation was observed between colostral and calves seral IgG. Calves health scores had no significant difference between treatments.
Conclusion: Probably supplementation of high level of Zn in late gestation diets, by increasing in dams seral Zn and leptin, improves calves immune system.
Results: Using 150 mg/kg of Zn in the diet increased seral Zn and leptin 5 days before calving compared with control (P<0.05). Colostral IgG and also calves seral IgG and total protein increased by consuming high level of Zn. Positive correlation was observed between colostral and calves seral IgG. Calves health scores had no significant difference between treatments.
Conclusion: Probably supplementation of high level of Zn in late gestation diets, by increasing in dams seral Zn and leptin, improves calves immune system.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1. Ahima, R.S., and Flier, J.S. 2000. Leptin. Annu. Rev. Phisiol. 62: 413–37.
2. Alloway, B.J. 2008. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. Second edition, published by IZA and
IFA. Brussels, Belgium and Paris, France. 139.
3. Atkinson, D.J., Von Keyserlingk, M.A., and Weary, D.M. 2017. Benchmarking passive
transfer of immunity and growth in dairy calves. J. Dairy. Sci. 100: 3773-3782.
4. Baltaci, A.K., and Mogulkoc, R. 2012. Leptin and zinc relation: In regulation of food intake
and immunity. Indian J. Endocr. Metab. 16: 611-616.
5. Conneely, M. Berry, D.P., Sayers, R., Murphy, J.P., Doherty, M.L., Lorenz, I., and Kennedy,
E. 2014. Does iodine supplementation of the prepartum dairy cow diet affect serum
immunoglobulin G concentration, iodine, and health status of the calf J. Dairy Sci. 97: 5120–
5130
6. Cope, C.M., Mackenzie, A.M., Wilde, D., and Sinclair, L.A. 2008. Effects of level and form
of dietary zinc on dairy cow performance and health. J. Dairy. Sci. 92: 2128–2135
7. Friedman, J.M., and Halaas, J.L. 1998. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in
mammals. Nature. 395: 763–70.
8. Howard, J.K., Lord, G.M., Matarese, G., Vendetti, S., Ghatei, M.A., and Ritter, M.A. 1999.
Leptin protects mice from starvation-induced lymphoid atrophy and increases thymic
cellularity in ob/ob mice. J. Clin. Invest. 104: 1051-1059.
9. Hudgens, K.A., Tyler, J.W., Besser, T.E., and Krytenberg, D.S. 1996. Optimizing
performance of a qualitative zinc sulfate turbidity test for passive transfer of
immunoglobulin G in calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 57: 1711-1713.
10. Jung, K.J., Ko, Y.H., Bae, G.S.,Kim, E.J., Lee, S.S., Paik, I.K., Kil, D.Y., Chang, J.S., Kim,
C.H., Song, J.Y., and Chang, M.B. 2013. Effects of Chelated Zinc or Copper on Ruminal
Fermentation Characteristics and Milk Production in Lactating Holstein Cows. J. Anim. Vet.
Adv. 12: 1048-1054.
11. Kellogg, D.W., Tomlinson, D.J., Socha, M.T., and Johnson, A.B. 2004. REVIEW: Effects of
zinc methionine complex on milk production and somatic cell count of dairy cows: Twelvetrial
summary. Prof. J. Anim. Sci. 20: 295–301.
12. Kheirouri, S., and Alizadeh, M. 2014. Decreased serum and mucosa immunoglobulin A
levels in vitamin Aand zinc-deficient mice. Cent. Eur. J. Immunol. 39: 165-169.
13. Kinkaid, R.L., Chew, B.P., and Cronrath, J.D. 1997. Zinc oxide and amino acids as sources
of dietary zinc for calves: Effects on uptake and immunity. J. Dairy. Sci. 80: 1381–1388.
14. Kume, S., Yamamoto, E., Kudo, T., Toharmat, T., and Nonaka, J. 1998. Effect of parity on
mineral concentration in milk and plasma of Holstein cows during early lactation. Asian-
Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 11: 133-138.
15. Lord, G.M., Matarese, G., Howard, J.K., Baker, R.J., Bloom, S.R., and Lechler, R.I. 1998.
Leptin modulates the T-cell immune response and reverses starvation-induced
immunosuppression. Nature. 394: 897-901.
16. Mantzoros, C.S., Prasad, A.S., Frances, M.A.C.N., Beck, W.J., Grabowski, S., Kaplan, J.,
Adair, C., and Brewer G.J. 1998. Zinc may regulate serum leptin concentrations in humans.
J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 17: 270 –275.
17. McDowell, L.R. 2003. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. Second edition. Elsevier
Science press. 660.
18. Nayeri, A., Upah, N.C., Sucu, E., Sanz-Fernandez, M.V., Defrain, J.M., Gorden, P.J., and
Baumgard, L.H. 2014. Effect of the ratio of zinc amino acid complex to zinc sulfate on the
performance of Holstein cows. J. Dairy. Sci., 97: 4392–4404.
19. NRC, 1989. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 6th ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington,
DC. Ols
20. NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington,
DC. 408.
21. Prasad, A.S. 2000. Effect of Zinc Deficiency on immune function. J.Tr. Elem. Exp. Med. 13:
1-20.
22. Prasad, A.S. 2009. Impact of the discovery of human zinc deficiency on health. J. Am. Coll.
Nutr. 28: 257-265.
23. Prasad, T., and Kundu, M.S. 1995. Serum IgG and IgM responses to sheep red blood cells
(SRBC) in weaned calves fed milk supplemented with Zn and Cu. Nutrition. 11: 712-715.
24. Vallee, B.L., and Falchuk, K.H. 1993. The Biochemical Basis of Zinc Physiology. Physiol.
Rev. 73: 79-118.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Volume 6, Issue 1
June 2018
Pages 117-126

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics