1. Abdul, S.B., Yashim, S.M., and Jokthon, G.E. 2008. Effects of supplementing sorghum stover with poultry litter on performance of wadara cattle. American-Eurasian Journal of Agronomy. 1: 16-18.
2. Ahmed, M., and El-waziry, A.M. 2007. Nutritive value assessment of ensiling or mixing Acacia and Atriplex using in vitro gas production technique. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences. 3: 605-614.
3. Akbar, A., Scaife, J.R., and Topps, J.H. 1984. Fermentation of poultry excreta and casein with pure carbohydrate sources in an artificial rumen. Processing of Nutrition Society. Pp: 43: 23.
4. Alamooti, A.A., Alikhani, M., Ghorbani, G.R. and Sami, A.A. 1383. Effect of different additives on in vitro fermentation of millet silage. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 160: 150-153.
5. Al-Masri, M.R. 1999. In vitro digestible energy of some agricultural residues, as influenced by gamma irradiation and sodium as feedstuff for cattle. Scientific Research and Essays. 4: 188-190.
6. AOAC. 2005. Official Method of Analysis, 15 edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, USA.
7. Araba, A., Byers, F.M., and Guessous, F. 2002. Patterns of rumen fermentation in bulls fed barley/molasses diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 97: 53-64.
8. Beuvink, J.M.W., and Spoelstra, S.F. 1992. Interactions between substrate, fermentation end-products, buffering systems and gas production upon fermentation of different carbohydrates by mixed rumen microorganisms in vitro. Environmental Biotechnology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 37: 505-509.
9. Blummel, M., Makkar, H.P.S., and Becker, K. 1997. In vitro gas production: a technique revisited. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 77: 34-24.
10. Bolsen, K.K., Ashbell, G., and Weinberg, Z.G. 1996. Silage fermentation and silage additives. Australian Journal of Applied. Science. 9: 483-493.
11. Broderick, G.A., and Kang, J.H. 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal Animal Science. 63: 64-75.
12. Chemberlain, D.G., and Thomas, P.C. 1990. Prospective laboratory methods for estimating the susceptibility of feed protein to microbial break down in the rumen. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 38: 183.
13. Deshck, A., Abo-Shehada, M., Allonby, E., Givens, D.I., and Hill, R. 1998. Assessment of the nutritive value for ruminants of poultry litter. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 73: 29–35.
14. Donmez, N., Karsli, M.A., Cinar, A., Aksu, T., and Baytok, E. 2003. The effects of different silage additives on rumen protozoan number and volatile fatty acid concentration in sheep fed corn silage. Small Ruminant Research. 48: 227-231.
15. Elemam, M.B., Fadelelseed, A.M., and Salih, A.M. 2009. Growth performance, digestibility, N-balance and rumen fermentation of lambs fed different levels of deep-stack broiler litter. Research Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 4: 9-16.
16. Fontenot, J.P. 1980. The nutritive value of and methods of incorporating animal wastes into rations for for growing cattle and sheep. Livestock Science. 148: 249-254.
17. Getachew, G., Depiters, E.J., and Robinson, P.H. 2002. In vitro gas production provides effective method for assessing ruminant feeds. California Agriculture. 58: 54-58.
18. Goetsch, A.L., and Aiken, G.E. 2000. Broiler litter in ruminant diets– Implications for use as a low cost byproduct feedstuff for goats. Proceedings of a conference held at Debub University, Awassa, Ethiopia. Pp: 58-69.
19. Gofoon, A., and Khalifa, I.M. 2007. The effects of Molasses levels on quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) silage. Research Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2: 43-46.
20. Gue, X.S., Ding, W.R., Han, J.G., and Zhou, H. 2007. Characterization of protein fraction and amino acids in ensiled alfalfa treaded with different chemical additive. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 55: 215-228.
21. Harvey, R.W., Spears, J.W., Poore, M.H., and Smith, J.H. 1979. Broiler and turkey litter as protein supplements hydroxide. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 50: 295-301.
22. Kennedy, S.J. 1990. Comparison of the fermentation quality and nutritive value of sulphuric and formic acid treated silage feed to beef cattle. Grass Forage Sciences. 45: 17-28.
23. Khorasani, G.R., Robinson, P.H., and Kennelly, J.J. 1993. Effect of canola meal treated with acetic acid on rumen degradation and intestinal digestibility in lactating dairy cows. Journal Dairy Science. 76: 1607-1616.
24. Klinger, I., and Tagari, H. 1976. Ensiling as a means of decontaminating poultry litter prior to its feeding to cows. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 42: 41.
25. Kung, Jr. L., and Muck, R.E. 1997. Animal response to silage additives. In: Proceedings of the Silage: Field to Feedbunk, North American Conference, Hershey, USA. Pp: 200-210.
26. Maherri-Ciss, S., Madrid, J., Hernandez, F., Megia, M.D., Sotomayor, J.A., and Jordan, M.J. 2008. Effect of thyme essential oils (thymus hyemalis and thymus zygis) and Monensin on in vitro ruminal degradation and volatile fatty acid production. Journal of Agriculture Food and Chemistry. 54: 6598-6602.
27. Makkar, H.P.S. 2004. Recent advances in the in vitro gas method for evaluation of nutritional quality of feed resources. Pp: 55- 88 in Assessing Quality and Safety of Animal Feeds. FAO Animal Production and Health Series. Rome.
28. Mavimbela, D.T., and Van Ryssen, J.B.J. 2007. Effect of dietary molasses on the site and extent of nutrients in sheep fed broiler litter. South African of Animal Science. 31: 33–39.
29. Mavimbela, D.T., Van Ryssen, J.B.J., and Last, R. 1997. The effect of high broiler diets as survival diet on the health ruminant. Upgrading residues and by-products for animals. CRC press, bocaraton, ruminants. Refuah Veterinarit Journal. 33: 63-71.
30. Mehtab, G., Demirel, M., Celik, S., Bakici, Y., and Levendoalu, T. 2007. Effects of urea, molasses and urea plus molasses supplementation to sorghum silage on the silage quality, in vitro organic matter digestibility and metabolic energy contents. Journal of Biology Science. 7: 401-404.
31. Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Solewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D., and Schneider, W. 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agricultural science. 93: 217-222.
32. Menke, K.H., and Steingass, H. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal research and Development. 28: 7-55.
33. Moor, A.C., and Kennedy, S.J. 1994. The effect of sugar beet pulp based silage additives on effluent production fermentation in silo loss, silage intake and animal performance. Grass Forage Science. 49: 54-64.
34. Moosavi-Nasab, M., Ansari, S., and Montazer, Z. 2007. Fermentative production of lysine by corynebacterium selected feedstuffs. Journal of Dairy Science. 65: 217-255.
35. Negesse, T., Patra, A.K., Dawson, L.J., Tolera, A., Merkel, R.C., Sahlu, T., and Goetsch, A.L. 2007. Performance of Spanish and Boer×Spanish doelings consuming diets with different levels of broiler litter. Small Ruminant Research. 69: 187-197.
36. Ngodigha, E.M., and Owen, O.J. 2009. Evaluation of the bacteriological characteristics of poultry litter of sheep. Journal of South African Veterinary Association. 68: 121–124.
37. Noland, P.R., Ford, B.F., and Ray, M.I. 1955. The use of ground chicken litter as source of nitrogen for gestation – lactating ewes and fattening streers. Journal of Animal Science. 14: 860.
38. O’Hara, M., Hozumi, S., and Ohki, K. 1973. Studies on the mode of gas production in artificial rumen and its application to the evaluation of feedstuffs. IV. On the rule of bicarbonate buffer for the gas production. Japanese Journal of Zootechnical Science. 45: 1-7.
39. Orskov, E.R., and McDonald, I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to the rate of passage. Journal of Agriculture Science. (Cambridge). 92: 499-503.
40. Paviz, M.M., Ghoorchi, T., and Ghanbari, F. 2011. Effect of molasses and bacterial inoculant on chemical composition and aerobic stability of sorghum silage. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 6: 385-390.
41. Paudel, K., and McIntosh, C.H. 2005. Numeraire choice in agricultural supply analysis, Applied Economics. Taylor and Francis Journals. 37: 1209-1214.
42. Preston, T.R., Elias, A., and Willis, M.B. 1986. Intensive beef production from sugar cane. 7. The performance of bulls given high levels of molasses/urea at different dilutions. Rev. Cuban Journal of Agriculture Science. (Eng. Ed.). 2: 263-268.
43. SAS. 2003. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 9.1 Edition.SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
44. Sommart, K., Parker, D.S., Rowlinson, P., and Wanapat, M. 2000. Fermentation characteristics and microbial protein synthesis in an in vitro system using cassava, rice straw and dried ruzi grass as substrates. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science. 13: 1084-1093.
45. Spoelstra, S.F., Steg, A., and Beuvink, J.M.W. 1990. Application of cell wall degrading enzymes to grass silage, In: Dekkers, H.C. Van der Plas and D.K. Vuijk (EDs), Agricultural Biotechnology in Focus in The Netherlands.
46. Taghizadeh, M., Danesh Mesgaran, R., Valizadeh, F., Shahroodi, E., and Stanford, K. 2005. Digestion of feed amino acids in the rumen and intestine of steers measured using a mobile nylon bag technique. Journal of Dairy Science. 88: 1807–1814.
47. Taghizadeh, A., Rahbarpour, A., and Mehmannavaz, Y. 1391. Determination of nutritive value of tomato pomace treated with urea using nylon bag and gas production techniques. Animal Science Researches. 3: 15-26
48. Theodorou, M.K., Gascoyne, D.J., and Beever, D.E. 1984. The role of consecutive batch culture in rumen microbiology. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 64: 47-48.
49. Van Ryssen, J.B.J. 2001. Poultry litter as a feedstuff for ruminants: a South African scene. Journal of Animal Science. 2: 1-8.
50. Van Soest, P.J., and Robertson, J.B. 1992. Systems of analyses for evaluation of fibrous feed. Int. Dev Reserch. Center, Ottawa, Canada, Pp: 49–60.
51. Wolin, M.J. 1960. A theoretical rumen fermentation balance. Journal of Dairy Science. 43: 1452-1459.
52. Zinn, R.A., Barajas, R., Montan, M., and Shen, Y. 1996. Protein and energy value of dehydrated poultry excreta in diets for feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science. 74: 2331-2235.
)
