Production and In vitro evaluation of bioactive peptides resulting from hydrolysis of soybean meal through autoclave and bio-fermentation process
Vahid
Yekani
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University
author
Hamed
Khalilvandi Behryzyar
استادیار ، گروه علوم دامی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه ارومیه
author
Rasoul
Pirmohammadi
Department of Animal Science, Urmia University
author
Maryam
Donyadoust
Research and Development Department, Kimiya Danesh Alvand Knowledge-Based Company, Iran
author
text
article
2022
per
Background and purpose: Soybean meal is widely used in animal feed production due to its high protein content and relatively good amino acid pattern balance. However, soybean meal contains several anti-nutritional agents that can affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients. To overcome these limitations, pre-processing of soybean meal through fermentation can be an optimal solution to eliminate anti-nutritional agents and improve the digestibility of nutrients. During fermentation, proteolytic enzymes produced by the microbial population hydrolyze proteins into free peptides and amino acids. This study aimed to produce bioactive peptides from soybean meal by fermentation by Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus oryzea, and hydrolysis by autoclave. Also, isolated and hydrolyzed protein sources were evaluated under in vitro conditions.Materials and Methods: Soybean meal was first ground and then its protein was extracted through alkaline extraction and acid precipitation. Microorganisms were cultured in a specific culture medium and after growing in the liquid culture medium, they were added to the isolated protein and the fermentation hydrolysis process was performed on the isolated protein. The autoclave was used to perform the hydrolysis process by autoclave. The isolated and hydrolyzed protein sources were evaluated according to the standard methods to determine the nutritional value such as the amount of crude protein, organic matter, ash, dry matter, and ether extract. In vitro gas production test was performed to assessed effects of hydrolysis methods and hydrolysis extent on biological functionality of protein sources. To use ruminal fluid to perform the gas production test under in vitro conditions, three adult Holstein bulls with ruminal fistula were used. Finally, the data that were obtained from laboratory evaluation were statistically analyzed using a completely randomized design statistical model and the data were analyzed by SAS 9.4 software and GLM PROC command, and the means were compared by Tukey test method at the statistical level of 0.05.Results: The results of production and evaluation of isolated and hydrolyzed protein sources showed that during hydrolysis, minor changes were made in the chemical composition, but all four hydrolysis treatments increased the production of low molecular weight peptides. Also, it was found that the production of bioactive peptides from soybean meal by different methods has different efficiencies. The highest amount of low molecular weight peptides was produced by Bacillus licheniformis (0.483 μg / ml). Also, autoclave treatment led to the breaking of weak chemical bonds and increased production of small peptides. Also, the results of in vitro gas production method showed that hydrolysis of soybean meal by using A. oryzea increased the amount of gas production and the fermentable part (159.09 and 210.52, respectively).Conclusion: The general results of the study showed that hydrolysis of soybean meal through bio-fermentation and hydrolysis by autoclave increased the production of bioactive peptides and Bacillus licheniformis produced the highest amount of peptides. Also, Aspergillus oryzea treatment compared to other treatments showed the greatest improvement in the amount of gas production and fermentable part.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
9
v.
4
no.
2022
1
18
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_5846_1d56d2f44fcde660d8e9a8736659a686.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2021.18949.1784
The effect of inorganic, organic and nano-zinc sources on growth performance, blood parameters and antioxidant activity of Sanjabi lambs
Bahare
Soufi
PhD. Candidate, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran,
author
Younes Ali
Alijoo
Associate Prof., Dept. of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
author
Hassan
Khamisabadi
Associate Prof., Aagriculture and Nnatural Rresources Research Centre of Kermanshah Province, Kermanshah, Iran
author
Zeinab
khoobbakht
PhD in Animal and Poultry Physiology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
text
article
2022
per
Background and objectives: Zinc is one of the most important and essential trace elements that plays a vital role in many biological processes such as the activity of enzymes and hormones, cell membrane stability, gene expression, cell division and antioxidant defense. Therefore, this experiment was performed to compare the effects of supplementation of nano (zinc nano oxide), organic (zinc polysaccharide) and inorganic (zinc sulfate) forms of the trace element zinc on performance, antioxidant status and some blood parameters of growing Sanjabi lambs.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 20 male Sanjabi lambs (approximate age 4.5 months and mean weight 29.55 ± 1.1 kg). Treatments include 1) control group (basic diet without zinc supplement), 2) zinc sulfate group, 3) zinc-polysaccharide group 4) zinc nano oxide group. The amount of zinc added in each experimental group was 20 mg / kg dry matter. The diet was given to the lambs freely for 60 days in the morning and evening. In order to evaluate the growth performance, weight loss was performed at the beginning of the experiment and then at 15-day intervals. To determine the amount of dry matter consumed, the amount of feed and its residue were measured daily for each animal. To measure blood parameters and antioxidant status, blood samples were taken in the first days, 30 and 60. Data were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.2 using Mixed procedure and Duncan test was used to compare the means at the probability level of 0.05.Results: The use of zinc supplement in different forms had no effect on the growth performance of lambs (P >0.05). The use of 20 mg zinc per kg of dietary dry matter in different forms caused a significant increase in plasma compared to the control group (P <0.05), but had no significant effect on plasma copper and iron concentrations and serum calcium and phosphorus(P >0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase increased in the groups supplemented with zinc (P <0.05). Despite the decrease in serum malondialdehyde index in the zinc supplemented groups compared to the control treatment, this difference was significant only in the zinc nano oxide group (P <0.05). The use of different forms of zinc had no effect on the total antioxidant capacity (P >0.05).Conclusion: The results of this experiment showed that the use of zinc supplement in different forms (inorganic, organic and nano) increases the concentration of zinc in plasma. In addition, it reduces the malondialdehyde index and increases the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
9
v.
4
no.
2022
19
32
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_5847_392356258db21bf2bf99cf9c93dcede9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2021.18983.1786
Effect of different levels of hatchery wastes on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, ruminal and blood parameters in fattening lambs
Zahra
Firouzi
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
author
Omid
Dayani
Department of Animal Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
Ahmad
Ayatollahi Mehrgardi
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
Reza
Tahmasbi
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
author
Amin
Khezri
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
author
Zohreh
Hajalizadeh
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
author
text
article
2022
per
Background and objectives: Processing and treatment of agricultural residues and by-products is a good economical solution for reusing them into the product cycle specially in animal feeding. The production a huge quantity of hatchery waste (HW) in the poultry industry has raised concerns about environmental pollution. Nutrients and energy in wastes, litter of broiler and hatchery after eliminating of their pathogens, can be recycled and used in livestock diets. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to investigate of the effect of feeding different levels of HW as the main source of dietary protein on lamb’s performance, nutrients digestibility, rumenal fermentation and blood parameters. Materials and methods: Twenty-four Kermani male lambs with an average initial weight of 23±0.33 kg and six months’ age, were used in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets included control diet and diets containing 3 and 6% of HW. To estimate of feed intake, the remaining feed of lambs collected and weighed daily before the morning meal. At the end of every two weeks the lambs are weighed for calculation of daily weight gain. Nutrients digestibility measured by acid insoluble ash marker method. Rumen liquid samples taken from lambs before and 3 and 6 h after feeding for NH3-N, pH and volatile fatty acids measuring. Blood samples were collected at the end of period and 3 h post morning feeding for determination of blood biochemical factors. At the end of main period, all lambs were slaughtered following an overnight fast and skinned. Empty body were weighted and stored at 4 °C for 24 hours (for determination of cold carcass weight).Results: In the present study, performance and dry matter intake in lambs fed with 6% hatchery waste powder were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Dry matter, organic matter and crude protein digestibility was not affected by HW. But, neutral and acid detergent fiber digestibility decreased (P<0.05) by adding of HW in lamb’s diet. Adding of HW in lambs’ diet, increased warm and cold carcass weights linearly (P<0.05). The pH, protozoa population and NH3-N concentration in the rumen were not affected by the experimental diets. The HW in diet caused to decreasing (P<0.05) and increasing acetic and propionic acids concentration in lambs, respectively. Blood cholesterol and glucose level in lambs fed HW were significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). but other factors such as BUN and total protein were not different among the experimental diets.Conclusion: The chemical composition of the HW indicates that this by-product is relatively appropriate nutritious. Because of increase in feed intake and performance and too alter in ruminal fermentation characteristics, this waste can be used as part of a concentrate in the diet of lambs.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
9
v.
4
no.
2022
33
48
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_5848_86d2ec6ddd8b7927c025a94a733dae1a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2021.19435.1805
The effect of maternal factors on growth, skeletal growth factors, and serum total protein of Holstein dairy calves
Mitra
Aghakhani
Department of Animal Science , Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
author
Amir Davar
Foroozandeh Shahraki
Department of Animal Science , Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
author
Seyed Nouroldin
Tabatabaeia
Department of Animal Science , Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
author
Majid
Toghyani
Department of Animal Science , Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
author
Hassan
Rafiee
Animal Science Research Dep., Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, 8174835117, Isfahan, Iran.
author
text
article
2022
per
Background and objective: The aim of this study was to investigate maternal factors including dry period length, parity, calving type, calf number per calving, and calving body condition score on body weight (BW), serum total protein (STP) concentration, and body structure growth of female Holstein dairy calves. Materials and methods: 152 Holstein dairy cows and their female calves were studied in this experiment. The calves were weighed at birth and moved to individual pens bedded with sawdust, Fresh colostrum samples were collected from 152 Holstein dairy cows. Maternal effects include: number of births from 2 to 5. Type of childbirth: single or multiple, natural or hard birth. Dry period length which includes: Group 1 - under 45 days. Group 2- 46 to 60 days. Group 3 - 61 to 75 days and group 4- Over 75 days. Calves' BW was also measured on days 30 and 60 of the study.Results: Birth BW was not affected by the mother's parity. The parity had an effect on the BW of calves at day 30 and 60, whereas, the lowest calves BW at day 30 was revealed in the five lactation cows. Also, the calves that were born to mothers who entered their second lactation were heavier than other calves at day 60 (P <0.05). Calf BW at birth, 30, and 60 days of age was affected by the number of calves at birth and the type of calving (P <0.05) so that singleton calves and normal birth calves had more BW. day 60 (P <0.05) was significant so that the mothers with dry period length less than 45 and more than 75 days had the lowest and highest 60-day calves BW. Serum total protein was affected by parity, calves’ number per calving, type of calving, and calving body condition score (P <0.05). In addition, the effect of calving type on STP concentration at birth and day 10 tended to be significant, while at day 35 normal birth calves had greater STP than dystocia birth calves. Withers height and body length in calves born to five lactations mothers were lower than other parities (P <0.05). Heart girth at birth and hip height at day 60 of age was higher in calves were born to mother with a dry period length more than 75 days (P <0.05). Body structure at birth and day 60 was higher for singleton calves than for twin calves and calves born with normal calving than calves born with dystocia (P <0.05).Conclusion: The results of the current experiment showed that factors related to the physiological status of dams and calving type affect the immunity status and performance of infant's calves.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
9
v.
4
no.
2022
49
64
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_5849_4b714b1b9a99cc42880f81dfee1a8d2b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2021.19466.1807
Histomorphometry and histopathology of small and large intestine of fattening Arabi lambs fed with whole branches of Albizia lebbeck
Hadi
Ardeshiri
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Morteza
Chaji
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food technology, Khuzestan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
author
Omid
Khorasani
3PhD of Animal Nutrition, Kharazmi Industrial School, of Dezful
author
Farshad
Baghban
Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Azad University of Yasoj, Yasij, Iran
author
text
article
2022
per
Background and objectives: Morphological features of the gastrointestinal tract, namely the epithelial tissue and rumen papilla, villi, and crypts of the small intestine are the most important indicators for judging the digestibility capacity, metabolism, and absorption and production performance of animals in the future. Multipurpose trees such as Albizia lebbeck can be used as a source of nitrogen in ruminant diets. The foliage of these trees is used as an inexpensive source of nitrogen and also contains energy, minerals, and vitamins. Tannins, cyanides, oxalates, saponins, and trypsin inhibitors have been suggested as anti-nutritional compounds of Albizia lebbeck. High concentrations of polyphenolic compounds in plants cause tissue damage, loss of epithelial cells, microvilli erosion, and shortening of villi height, which reduces the ability to absorb nutrients. Tannins can inhibit microbial activity and inactivate extracellular endoglucanase in some fiber-digesting bacteria. Tannins can inhibit microbial activity and inactivate extracellular endoglucanase in some fiber-digesting bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the histomorphometry and histopathology of small and large intestinal tissue of fattening lambs fed foliage of Albizia lebbeck as a feed containing tannins and other secondary polyphenolic compounds.Materials and methods: In this experiment, Twenty-four fattening Arabian male lambs with eight months old and initial body weight of 28.8±5.34 kg were used for 60 days. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and eight replicates. The experimental treatments were: control diet (without Albizia lebbeck) and control + 50 and 75 percent complete branches of Albizia lebbeck replaced with alfalfa. Results: In the duodenum section, the villi height and crypt depth in the control treatment were higher than other treatments and were significant compared to the treatment containing 75% complete branches of the Albizia lebbeck (P <0.05). The villi width and villi area were also higher in the control treatment than other treatments (P <0.05). The thickness of the muscle layer in the treatment receiving 75% of the complete branches of the Albizia lebbeck was higher than other treatments (P <0.05). In the jejunum section, the villi height, villi width and villi area in the control treatment were higher than other treatments (P <0.05). The crypt depth in the control treatment was higher than other treatments and was significant compared to the treatment containing 50% complete branch of the Albizia lebbeck (P <0.05). The thickness of the muscle layer in the control treatment was higher than other treatments and was significant compared to the treatment containing 50% of the complete branches of Albizia lebbeck (P <0.05). In the ileum, the thickness of the muscle layer in the control treatment was higher than other treatments (P <0.05). Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the control treatment was higher in different parts of the intestine than other treatments. Feed intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency were not affected by experimental treatmentsConclusion: Compared to the control, In terms of Histopathology use of Albizia lebbeck reduced the penetration of inflammatory cells in the small intestine and large intestine; however, had no effect on feed intake and growth performance. The consumption of Albizia lebbeck is recommended in animals due to the presence of flavonoids, high levels of protein, reduce feed costs, positive tissue effects, and increase NDF digestibility.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
9
v.
4
no.
2022
65
80
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_5850_74b85198a8d7f095f5bb8db9ec63a7f3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2021.19631.1812
Effects of polyethylene glycol or activated sodium bentonite supplementation on vital signs, blood biochemical and hematological parameters of Saanen goats fed pistachio by-products under heat stress
Morteza
Kordi
Animal Sci Department, Yasouj Uni.
author
AbasAli
Naserian
Anim Sci Dep. Ferdowsi Uni.
author
text
article
2022
per
Background and objectives: Recently, pistachio by-products (PBP) have been used to reduce production costs in ruminant nutrition. However, the tannins and phenolic compounds in PBP as anti-nutritional compounds limit the use of this agricultural by-product in ruminant diets. Therefore, nutritionists recommend the use of tannin-binding compounds such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) in diets with high tannins contain. It has also been shown that sodium bentonite can be used as a tannin inactivator in the diet of ruminants. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of polyethylene glycol or activated sodium bentonite (ASB) on feed intake, vital signs, biochemical and hematological parameters of Saanen goats fed pistachio by-products under heat stress.Materials and Methods: Fifteen Saanen male goats were assigned to three treatment groups in a completely randomized design. The experimental period lasted 30 days (25 days for the period before heat stress and 5 days for heat stress). Three experimental diets consisted of a diet containing 30% DM pistachio by-products with no additive (control); the control diet supplemented with PEG at 1% of DM (PEG group), and the control diet supplemented with activated sodium bentonite at 1% of DM (ASB group). To measure dry matter intake, the amount of feed residue was recorded daily. Goats were also weighed at the end of each week to examine weight changes. To measure ruminal pH, on the last day of the experiment and 2 hours after morning feed consumption, ruminal pH was recorded with a pH meter. Heart rate, respiration rate (per minute), and rectal temperature were measured during the last three days of the stress period to record vital signs. Also, on the last day of the experiment, two series of blood samples (5 ml) were collected from the jugular vein to determine biochemical and hematological parameters. Data were statistically analyzed using GLM procedure and SAS 9.1 software.Results: The results showed that the amount of DMI in the control treatment was higher than other groups (P <0.05). Rumen pH was not affected by treatments (P≤0.05). In terms of vital signs, heart rate and respiration in PEG treatment were higher than other treatments (P <0.05). No significant differences were observed between treatments in terms of blood biochemical parameters (P≤0.05). However, according to hematological parameters, the concentration of monocytes, eosinophils, and fibrinogen in PEG treatment were lower than other treatments (P <0.05). Besides, hormonal parameters showed that Cortisol concentration in PEG treatment was significantly higher than other groups (P <0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of activated sodium bentonite in diets containing 30% PBP to feed goats under short-term heat stress can increase the monocyte concentration and strengthen the immune system in these animals without adversely affecting DMI, vital factors, and animal welfare.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
9
v.
4
no.
2022
81
96
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_5851_11271a0246aeb615e1510a8fbf3e84c7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2022.19678.1820
Effects of using ensiled total mixed ration based on fodder beet on performance, digestibility and blood parameters in fattening Zell lambs
Pirouz
Shakeri
Animal Nutrition and Physiology Research Department, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
Hassan
Fazaeli
Animal Nutrition and Physiology Research Department, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
Ali Reza
Aghashahi
Animal Nutrition and Physiology Research Department, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
Amir Ali
Shakeri
Veterinary student of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch
author
text
article
2022
per
Abstract:Background and objectives: Ensiling total mixed ration has been a sustainable alternative to efficiently handle high wet feeds such as fodder beet in ruminant diets. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of using fodder beet in the form of total mixed ration silage on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites of fattening Zell lambs and compare it’s with conventional diets.Materials and methods: Fourteen Zell male lambs (3–4 months of age and 19.48± 2.20 kg BW) were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 experimental diets with the same nutrients. Experimental diets containing control diet based on alfalfa and wheat straw (CD) and total mixed ration silage based on fodder beet (TMRS). Diets were fed three times daily in three equal portions over a 9-weeks assay following a 2-weeks adaptation period. Lambs were weighed immediately before the morning feeding at the beginning and at 3-weeks intervals until end of the experimental period. At the end of fattening period, the lambs were used to evaluate nutrient digestibility in response to feeding experimental diets. Furthermore, blood samples were collected from the Jugular veins of the lambs for measuring of glucose, total protein, albumin and liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST).Results: At the end of experiment, average body weight and daily weight gain of lambs were not affected by experimental diets, but feed intake was tended to greater for TMRS group (975.1 g/d) than CD group (845.4 g/d) (P=0.09). Feed conversion ratio of lambs in CD group was greater (5.89 vs. 6.86) than TMRS group (P=0.05). There was no difference in digestibility of dry matter and organic matter across experimental diets, but digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in TMRS group was greater than CD group (40.5 vs. 33.7 %). The lambs fed CD had higher albumin concentration (p<0.01), and glucose and ALT were tended to greater (P=0.09) than those fed TMRS, however, concentration of total protein and AST were not affected by diets.Conclusion: It was concluded that storage of fodder beet by total mixed ration silage method is associated with an optimal fermentation and it seem to be an appropriate method for long-term storage while maintaining quality. The lambs fed with TMRS diet than those fed with CD diet had similar final weight and daily weight gain and more feed intake.Keywords: Digestibility, fattening, fodder beet, performance, silage, total mixed ration.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
9
v.
4
no.
2022
97
108
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_5852_aa87b149236b0dd316d9a767c3053127.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2022.19726.1823
Effect of Malva sylverstris plant on milk quality and production, liver enzymes and nutrients digestibility of Khuzestani Buffalo
Tahere
Mohammad Abadi
استاد ، دانشکده علوم دامی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ایران
author
Somayeh
Hoseini
Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
author
text
article
2022
per
Background and objective: Metabolites of medicinal plants are used to improve energy efficiency in the rumen and animal productivity. Malva sylverstris is a plant whose cultivation yield in a quarterly period is estimated at 10 tons per hectare. Malva sylverstris leaves and flowers contain tannins, calcium oxalate, pectic substances and mucilage, anthocyanins, rich in vitamins, and due to the presence of vitamin C and flavonoids, many uses have been mentioned for this plant. In some studies, the use of herbs had an increasing effect on milk production performance. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Malva sylverstris nutrition on milk production and composition, liver enzymes, nutrient digestibility, and blood biochemical parameters of dairy buffaloes.Material and methods: Eight khuzestani dairy buffaloes, 4-5 parities, average weight 600±12 kg in the early lactation (forth months), average milk production 6 liter, were used. Buffaloes randomly fed with a diet without Malva sylverstris and diet containing 500 g Malva sylverstri/ dry matter plant for one month. Animals were kept in individual stables and adaption to the diet was performed for one week. Sufficient and clean water was provided to the buffaloes.At the end of the experiment, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production, quality and microbial load of milk were measured. Buffalo blood parameters such as glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride, urea and liver enzymes were determined. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design and the means were compared with the Tukey test at significance level of 5%.Results: The results showed that milk fat, protein, and lactose of milk did not change in the experimental treatments (P >0.05), but dry matter intake and milk production of buffaloes increased. According to the results, the milk microbial load of buffaloes fed Malva sylverstris decreased (P <0.05). Blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in the Malva sylverstris treatment were lower than the control treatment (P <0.05). Blood urea and liver enzymes were not affected by the treatments (P >0.05). Nutrient digestibility like dry matter, crud protein, and nautral detergent fiber in buffaloes fed Malva sylverstris increased (P <0.05).Conclusion: According to the result of the present study, the use of Malva sylverstris plant in the diet of dairy buffaloes not only did not have negative effects on the production performance of dairy buffaloes but also increased milk production and reduced the microbial load of milk, therefore it can be used as an appropriate supplement in the dairy buffaloes.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
9
v.
4
no.
2022
109
120
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_5853_95191cd168e277b29414111e95cf26a6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2022.18791.1779