تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی خوراک گلوتن ذرت و مقایسه عملکرد، قابلیت‌هضم مواد مغذی و صفات لاشه بره‌های پرواری با سطوح مختلف جایگزینی کنجاله سویا با خوراک گلوتن ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری ایران

2 عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری- ریاست دانشکده علوم دامی و شیلات

چکیده

چکیده:
سابقه و هدف: با توجه به این که در حدود 70 تا 75 درصد (در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته در حدود 50 الی60 درصد) از کل هزینه‌های تولیدات دامی مربوط به خوراک است، یکی از راهکارهای اقتصادی تولید در زمینه استفاده از پسماند‌های حاصل از فعالیت‌های کشاورزی و صنعتی است، از جمله پس‌ماندهای صنعتی خوراک گلوتن ذرت می‌باشد که در تغذیه گاو شیری، گوسفند مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. برای این منظور مقایسات کمی در خصوص عملکرد، قابلیت‌هضم و صفات لاشه در بره‌های پرواری گوسفند با خوراک‌های با انرژی و پروتئین یکسان انجام گرفته است. هدف از این پژوهش، استفاده از سطوح مختلف خوراک گلوتن ذرت در جیره بره‌های پرواری و مقایسه عملکرد، قابلیت هضم و صفات لاشه می‌باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار جیره غذایی (تیمار) شامل سطوح صفر، 33، 66 و 100 درصد خوراک گلوتن ذرت به‌صورت جایگزین با کنجاله سویا بر روی بره‌های پرواری انجام گرفت. به هر تیمار تعداد شش راس بره پرواری (تکرار) در سن سه ماهگی اختصاص داده ‌شد که به‌صورت انفرادی در قفس‌های جداگانه به‌مدت 84 روز (16 روز دوره عادت‌پذیری) نگه‌داری شدند. جیره‌ها از نظر محتوی پروتئین و انرژی برابر بودند. ماده خشک، خاکستر، فیبر خام، و چربی خام بر اساس روش AOAC (2000) ، پروتئین خام با استفاده از روش کلدال (AOAC، 2000)، NDF، ADF و بر اساس روش ون سوست (1991) تعیین گردید.
یافته‌ها: بیشترین مصرف خوراک روزانه مربوط به بره‌های تغذیه شده با تیمار سطح 100 درصد خوراک گلوتن ذرت و کمترین مصرف خوراک روزانه مربوط به بره‌های تغذیه‌شده با سطح 66 درصد خوراک گلوتن ذرت بود (05/0>P ). تیمار حاوی سطح 66 درصد خوراک گلوتن ذرت بیشترین وزن بدن را نشان داد (05/0>P ). در بیشتر دوره‌های پرورش سطح 66 درصد خوراک گلوتن ذرت بیشترین افزایش وزن را نشان داد (05/0>P ). در بیشتر دوره‌های پرورش ضریب تبدیل خوراک بره‌های دریافت‌کننده تیمار سطح 66 درصد خوراک گلوتن ذرت بهبود یافت (05/0>P). قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، ماده آلی و پروتئین در تیمار 66 درصد بیشتر و اختلاف معنی‌داری با سایر تیمارها داشت (05/0>P). قابلیت هضم دیواره سلولی بدون همی‌سلولز (ADF)، دیواره سلولی (NDF)، کربوهیدرات غیر فیبری (NFC) و قابلیت‌هضم چربی خام (EE) تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت (05/0< p). در بیشتر صفات ترکیب لاشه در بین تیمارها اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود داشت (05/0>P). تیمار سطح 66 درصد خوراک گلوتن ذرت بهترین صفات لاشه را نسبت به سایر تیمارها نشان داد. میزان ماده خشک، ماده آلی، پروتئین خام، خاکستر، چربی خام، فیبر خام، دیواره سلولی بدون همی‌سلولز و دیواره سلولی به‌ترتیب 96/87، 67/82، 66/21، 33/6، 5/3، 4/9، 55/37، 70/12 بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج ذکر شده و قیمت ارزان این محصول، استفاده از خوراک گلوتن ذرت تا سطح 66 درصد توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of chemical composition of corn gluten feed and Comparison of performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass of fattening lambs with different levels of soybean meal replacement with corn gluten feed.

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad eteraf 1
  • asad Teimouri Yansari 2
  • yadollah chashnidel 3
1 Department of Animal Sciences, Sari Iran University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
2 Faculty Member of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3 Sari University of Agriculture and Natural Resources - Department of Animal Science and Fisheries
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and objectives: Considering that about 70 to 75 percent (in developed countries about 50-60 percent) of the total production costs related to livestock feed. One of the economical ways of producing is to use waste from agricultural and industrial activities, One of the industrial wastes of corn gluten feed that is used in the feeding of dairy cattle, sheep. A little comparison of performance, Carcass traits and digestibility has done of the same energy and protein feeds in sheep. The aim of this study, was the replacement of Soybean meal with corn gluten feed in the diet of fattening lambs and the investigate effect of it on performance, Carcass traits and digestibility.
Materials and methods: This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with Four diets (Treatment) containing 0, 33, 66 and 100 percent Corn gluten feed was substituted with soybean meal on fattened lambs. Six lambs were given to each treatment (Repeat) with the age of about three months. Animals were individually located in separate cages for 84 days (15 days adaptation period). The protein and energy content of diets were equal. Dry matter, ash, crude fiber, and crude fat were determined according to AOAC (2000), crude protein was determined by Coldall method (AOAC, 2000), NDF, ADF and by van Sost (1991).
Results:The highest daily feed intake was for lambs fed 100% corn gluten and the lowest daily feed for lambs fed 66% corn gluten (P <0.05). reatments containing 66% corn gluten feed had the highest body weight (P <0.05). In most periods, 66% of corn gluten feed showed the highest weight gain (P <0.05).
Feed conversion ratio of lambs receiving 66% corn gluten feed improved in most periods (P <0.05).
The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and protein was 66% higher and significantly different from other treatments (P <0.05). Digestibility of cell wall without hemicellulose (ADF), cell wall (NDF), nonfibrous carbohydrate (NFC) and crude fat digestibility (EE) were not significantly different (P <0.05). There were significant differences among treatments for all carcass composition (P <0.05). The 66% corn gluten level treatment showed the best carcass traits compared to the other treatments. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, cell wall without hemicellulose and cell wall were 87.96, 82.67, 21.66, 6.33, 3.5, 9.4, 37.55, 12.70.
Conclusion: According to the results mentioned and low-cost corn gluten feed, use of corn gluten feed up to 66% in lambs is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Corn gluten feed
  • lamb feed
  • feed intake
  • growth performance
  • carcass traits

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نشریه پژوهش‌ در نشخوار کنندگان
دوره 8، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 57-72

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