Effects of using wheat processed by different methods on the performance, chemical composition and blood digestibility in fattening lambs
amin
valizadeh ghale beigh
Ph.D. student Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
taghi
ghoorchi
Professor of Ruminant Nutrition
Department of Animal & Poultry Nutrition
Faculty of Animal Sciences
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources
author
saeed
hassani
Professor Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
author
text
article
2018
per
Background and objectives: The wheat as a main cultured grain in Iran can be used in animal nutrition. Urea as a nitrogen source combined with NaoH and formaldehyde can be slowly used by microorganisms. On the other hand, different physical processing methods can affect on degradability of nutrients in the rumen and other parts of gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the effects of using wheat processed by different methods on the performance, chemical composition and blood digestibility in fattening lambs. Materials and methods: Thirty male lambs with an initial body weight of 31.21 ± 3 kg were used in a completely randomized design for an 84-day feeding experiment with a 14-day adaptation period. Experimental treatments included: 1- whole wheat, 2- milling wheat, 3- milling wheat+3.5% urea+3.5 % NaoH, 4- milling wheat+ 3.5% urea+ 0.6 % formaldehyde, 5- pelleted wheat+3.5% urea+3.5 % NaoH, 6- pelleted wheat+ 3.5% urea+ 0.6 % formaldehyde. Five lambs were then randomly allocated to each treatment. At the 70 day of the period, feces and feed intake samples were collected to determine nutrient digestibility by acid insoluble ash method. Results: Results indicated that chemical-physical processing of grain wheat had significant effect compare to control group on daily weight gain of lambs (P<0/05). Moreover, average daily gain (ADG) of urea+NaoH+Pelletig treatment was significantly higher than control and grinding treatments (P<0.05). On the other hand, result showed that gain at the end of experimental period was significantly higher for chemical-physical treatments compare to control and grinding treatments (P<0.05). Result showed that chemical-physical processing of grain wheat did not affect on dry matter intake (DMI) during total feeding trial (P>0.05). For feed conversion ratio (FCR) results showed that chemical-physical processing lead to improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) compare to control and grinding treatments (P<0.05) and at the end of the experimental period chemical+Pelletig , treatment had the least feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.05). Chemical-physical processing can be effectively lead to improvement of digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and starch of grain wheat (P<0.05) but digestibility of organic matter and crude protein did not affected (P>0.05). Conclusions: The result of this study showed that based on positive effects of processing wheat on growth performance and digestibility of nutrients, by suitable processing method, wheat can be effectively used as a source of of energy for ruminants. Keywords: Growth performance, Digestibility, Fattening lambs, Chemical composition.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
5
v.
4
no.
2018
1
20
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_4176_8ddfd7b92036a36a998c7632f19de5fb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2018.14249.1601
Determination of breeding goals and economic values of Adani goat in pasture system
Seyed Abu Taleb
Sadeghi
1- Ph.D. student of Department of Animal Science, University of Zabol.
2- Animal Science Research Department, Bushehr Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO) Bushehr, Iran
author
Mohammad
Rokouei
Associate Professor of Department of Animal Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
author
Mehdi
Vafaye Valleh
Associate Professor of Department of Animal Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
author
Mokhtar Ali
Abbasi
Assistant Professor of Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
author
Hadi
faraji arogh
Assistant Prof. of Dep. of Research Center of Special Domestic Animals, University of Zabol, zabol, Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
Abstract Background and objective: Increasing the profitability of each production unit, is the most important way to increase its competitiveness in all fields, including animal husbandry. The first step in designing livestock breeding programs is to decide on appropriate breeding goals and the Lack of precise breeding goal determination is the most important factor behind the inadequacy of livestock breeding programs. Therefore, the determination of the breeding objectives and economic values of the important traits in the Adani goat, which is one of the important livestock of the Persian Gulf coastal strip, will greatly help the breeding of this animal. Materials and methods: In this study, a deterministic static model which assumes no variation among animals for the important traits was used for calculation of economic values. In order to estimate the required parameters (demographic, productive, reproductive, managerial, and economic), for a whole year of production (from the 1st of September 2016 to the 1st of September 2017), seven flocks of Adani goats with 920 does were directly recorded. The economic values of the traits were calculated by generating profit equations and changing the traits by one percent or one unit, while the mean of other traits was constant at the average of the population. The economic weight of the traits was calculated for a genetic standard deviation of the increase in the corresponding trait while the other traits were maintained at a constant average. In order to correct comparison the economic values of the traits, their relative importance was determined. Results: The results of this study showed that the highest income was the share of kid sales and milk and the largest share of the cost was the management and labor contribution. The traits that were included in the objective goals of the Adani goat including kidding rate, number of kidding per year, litter size, the weight of the kid sales at 12 months, conception rate, survival of the kid to weaning, doe survival, survival from weaning to sales, milk production, mature doe weight, and twining rate were 22.7, 17.5, 12.8, 12.1, 10.1, 9.8, 9, 4.6, 1.9, -0.7 and 0.3, respectively. Conclusion: Reproduction, longevity and production traits are the most important trait in Adani goats, respectively. According to the breeding conditions of this animal, number of kidding per year, kidding rate, litter size, the weight of the kid sales at 12 months, conception rate, survival of the kid to weaning, doe survival, kid survival from weaning to sales and milk production are the most important traits, respectively and must be regarded more in breeding programs for Adani Goats.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
5
v.
4
no.
2018
21
34
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_4113_a413d7fc8c7b8e328555e28afc9f3962.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2018.14487.1612
Effect of freestall housing on prevalence of lameness and milk somatic cell count in industrial dairy farms of Mazandaran province
Fariba
Farivar
Assistant professor of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Kavoos
author
Hamid
Hajizadeh
Jahad Keshavarzi Organization
author
Farzad
Ghanbari
Assistant Professor. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Kavoos
author
Ashoor Mohamad
Gharebash
Assistant professor of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Kavoos
author
text
article
2018
per
Background and objectives: Over the past few decades, milk production has increased dramatically by employing breeding, feeding and management techniques and during this period, several studies have reported that the level of animal production is significantly affected by animal welfare status and type of housing system. Two of the most important factors influencing the production and economy of dairy farms are the presence or absence of abnormalities of the limbs and mastitis. Disturbance in animal comfort and welfare has increased the odds ratio of development of these abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of lameness and somatic cell count in milk in free stall and non-fossil stall systems in industrial dairy farms of Mazandaran province. Materials and methods: In this study, 4 Holstein dairy farms in Mazandaran province with freestall or non-freestall housing system were used to evaluate the effect of housing system type on the incidence of lameness and somatic cell count of milk, during 2013 and 2014. To investigate the lameness incidence Logical regression (Proc logistic) method was used because of binary nature of data and the Proc Mixed procedure was used to investigate the somatic cell score (SCS). Herd, year and season of calving, parity and type of housing were used as fixed factors and age of first calving for both and days in milk for SCS were considered as Co-variates in the model. Results: The difference of SCS means in freestall and non-freestall systems was significant P<0.05). The greatest difference in SCS was found between two herds with freestall and non-freestall systems (2.2 ± 0.23). Also parity had a significant effect on SCS (P<0.05). With an increase in the parity, SCS was increased from 1.99 to 3.2 in average. All of the factors in the model had significant effect on lameness incidence (P<0.05). The results showed that use of freestall compared to the non-freestall system can decrease the odds ratio of lameness significantly (1.82 (1.52- 2.16)) and the incidence rate of lameness from 13.58 in freestall to 20.55% in non-freestall system. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of the freestall system in dairy cattle farms, can result in a significant decrease in the incidence of mastitis and lameness. Hence, the use of this system, with respect to the size and cow number to stall number ratio, can improve the welfare and health status of the cows and therefore can make a significant contribution to improve the economic indices and profitability of the dairy herds.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
5
v.
4
no.
2018
35
46
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_4114_0bf048e7681f12980fb6b20428ecc56a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2018.14318.1604
Detection of polymorphism in upstream regulatory region of calpain and calpastatin genes and its association with body weight and fat-tail characteristics traits in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep
Ehsan
Nobakht Langari
department of animal science
author
ایوب
فرهادی
دانشگاه ساری
author
سید حسن
حافظیان
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
محسن
قلی زاده
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
author
text
article
2018
per
Background and objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate allelic diversity in upstream regulatory region of calpastatin and calpain genes, bioinformatics analysis of studied genes and association of allelic variants with body weight and fat-tail traits in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep. Materials and methods: One hundred and fifty blood samples were collected randomly and DNA was extracted by modified salting out method. The specific primer pairs were designed using Oligo 7 software for amplification of fragments with lengths of 245 and 225 bp from upstream regulatory region of calpastatin and calpain genes, respectively. After PCR, the amplified products of calpastatin and calpain marker sites were subjected to endonuclease digestion with PstI and HaeIII enzymes, respectively. Due to the monomorphic of RFLP results, the SSCP technique was used for more accurate assessment of amplified fragments. After genotyping, one sample from each banding patterns of calpain gene was sequenced. The obtained sequences were investigated for identification of motifs involved in gene regulation and also mutations in different banding patterns by DNASIS MAX and BioEdit softwares. Association between observed banding patterns and body weight traits at birth, 3, 6 and 12 months of age and weight, upper bound, lower bound and the height of fat-tail was investigated by Glimmix procedure of SAS (version 9.1) software. Results: Three banding patterns of A, B, and C with frequencies of 66, 9, and 25% were observed in Lori-Bakhtiari samples, respectively. The upstream region of calpastatine gene was monomorph in present study. Statistical analysis showed significant association between banding patterns of calpain marker site and body weight at birth in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep (P
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
5
v.
4
no.
2018
47
60
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_4115_70194347d91b7485cd5865b13648ceee.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2017.14014.1587
Effects of substitution of processed soybean seed with soybean meal on performance, nutrient digestibility, and some blood and ruminal parameters in Holstein dairy cows
محمدهادی
اعظمی
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
Abdol Mansour
Tahmasbi
استاد گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
Abbasali
Naserian
استاد گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2018
per
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
5
v.
4
no.
2018
61
72
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_4116_7dcda45034343b3d5723af47462d56bd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2017.12400.1509
Identification of the Major miRNAs, Target Genes and Signaling Pathways Associated with Milk Production Using miRNA-Seq
همایون
فرهنگ فر
دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند
author
الهام
بهدانی
دانشگاه رامین خوزستان
author
text
article
2018
per
Background and objectives: miRNA molecules are short sequences (With an average length of 22 nucleotides) that regulate many biological processes by suppressing gene expression. Milk production is a physiological process that influence by a large number of genes, miRNAs and signaling pathways. In this study, identification of miRNAs, their target genes and signaling pathways were done by investigation of interspecies conserved miRNAs in mouse, cattle and goat. Materials and methods: In this study, to investigate molecular mechanism of miRNA’s effect on milk production, firstly data were downloaded with accession number GSM1295115 for mouse species, GSM1295118 for cattle species and GSM969927 for goat species from GEO database. Identification of miRNAs was done by mirDeep2. In this study, mirwalk database was used to detect target genes of miRNA which expressed in all three species. The mirwalk database is also able to estimates target genes based on the ten other databases’ algorithms. Visualization of miRNA and their target genes’ interaction was performed by cytoscape. DAVID database was used to study target genes-related gene and signaling pathways. Results: According to these results miR-93-5p, miR-27b-3p, miR-27a-3p and miR-200c-3p genes are the most important miRNA and Pten, Rlim, Pdik1l and Setd5 genes are the most important target genes on the process of milk production and pathways of milk components biosynthesis. One of the most important results of this study was detected Setd5 as the novel milk production process-related gene. Gene pathway analysis showed Focal adhesion pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and Neurotrophin signaling pathway were the most important of gene pathways which active by target genes and have a vital role in milk production biosynthesis and development of mammary glands. Theses gene pathways could effect on milk production physiologically and biologically by influencing on the development of alveolar cells, increasing branches, developing of mammary tissue, amino acid metabolism, influencing on endocrine system, prolactin signaling pathway and influencing on the milk compounds synthesis such as fat, protein and lactose. Conclusion: According to critical role of the important miRNA in the studied network and target genes of these molecules and also investigated gene pathways, it could be used in breeding programs as the most important regulators in milk production process. This information could be used to introduce and apply candidate genes for the gene assisted selection method or genomic selection. Given that milk production is along with development and differentiation of breast tissue, miRNA molecules and target genes which investigate in this study could be the good candidates in all developmental and differential processes.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
5
v.
4
no.
2018
73
86
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_4117_e07cf9d11a069ff6ebeec1246a4a6850.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2017.13918.1582
Investigation of the positions of corpus luteum and fetus and their relationship with blood metabolites in pregnant and non-pregnant Lori-Bakhtiari ewes
جواد
حبیبی زاد
گروه علوم دامی-دانشکده کشاورزی - دانشگاه یاسوج
author
Mehrdad
Meamar
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
author
Mohammad Reza
Bahreini-Behzadi
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
author
Mustafa
Muhaghegh-Dolatabady
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Background and objectives: Different metabolites such as glucose, cholesterol and urea nitrogen of serum are important indices for protein and energy status in sheep. It was shown that, the concentration of serum metabolites change at the different times of reproductive activities and also in the pregnant ewes with one or two fetuses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different corpus luteum and fetus positions on serum metabolites in Lori-Bakhtiari ewes. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on the pregnant and non-pregnant ewes. At the beginning of the experiment Lori-Bakhtiari ewes (3 to 4 years of age) were chosen at abattoir. Then, the blood samples were collected before slaughtering and transported to the laboratory for evaluating glucose, cholesterol and urea nitrogen concentrations of serum. The first part of the study was conducted in out-breeding season and 48 non-pregnant ewes reproductive tracts were collected and divided into 3 treatment groups as follow: group 1 with one corpus luteum; group 2 with two corpora lutea (unilateral) and group 3 with two corpora lutea (bilateral). The second part of this experiment was conducted in the breeding season and 144 reproductive tracts were collected and divided into 9 treatment groups as follow: group 1 with one corpus luteum and non-pregnant; group 2 with two corpora lutea (unilateral) and non-pregnant; group 3 with two corpora lutea (bilateral) and non-pregnant; group 4 with one corpus luteum and one fetus; group 5 with one corpus luteum and two fetuses; group 6 with two corpora lutea (unilateral) and one fetus; group 7 with two corpora lutea (bilateral) one fetus; group 8 with two corpora lutea (unilateral) and two fetuses and group 9 with two corpora lutea (bilateral) and two fetuses. Results: This study indicated that among the experimental groups the maximum concentration of serum glucose was observed in the ewes with one corpus luteum and one fetus and the minimum concentration of serum glucose was observed in the ewes with two corpora lutea (bilateral) and two fetuses (P < 0.05). Serum glucose concentration in ewes with two corpora lutea (unilateral and bilateral) which had only one fetus were also more than that of the ewes with one corpus luteam and two fetuses (P < 0.05). The results indicated that serum cholesterol concentration of ewes in breeding season was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than serum cholesterol concentration of ewes with both one and two corpora lutea in out-breeding season. In addition, cholesterol concentration in ewes with one corpus luteum and two fetuses did not have significant difference with serum cholesterol concentration in ewes with two corpora lutea (bilateral) and two fetuses. The concentration of serum urea nitrogen of ewes in breeding season was significantly higher than the concentration of serum urea nitrogen of ewes in out-breeding season. This metabolite did not have any significant difference (P > 0.05) between the ewes with different positions of corpora lutea (unilateral and bilateral) and the ewes with one corpus luteam and two fetuses. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results showed that serum glucose concentration in out-breeding season was higher than breeding season. Whiles it was lower than in pregnant ewes compared with non-pregnant ewes and also in ewes with two fetuses compared with on fetus. The concentrations of cholesterol and urea nitrogen of serum were higher than pregnant ewes compared with non-pregnant ewes and also in ewes with fetuses compared with one fetus.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
5
v.
4
no.
2018
87
100
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_4118_a09b499b281162dfaac269ed0408ded2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2018.14278.1603
Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic Acid (CLA) Supplementation with injectable Se and VE supplement on productive performance and blood parameters of holstein dairy cows
ذبیح الله
عبدالملکی
دانشگاه رازی-دانشکده کشاورزی،
author
منوچهر
سوری
دانشگاه رازی-دانشکده کشاورزی،
author
محمد مهدی
معینی
دانشگاه رازی -دانشکده کشاورزی،
author
آرمین
توحیدی
دانشگاه تهران-گروه علوم دامی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی
author
text
article
2018
per
Abstract: Background and objectives: Conjugated linoleic acid refers to the positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (cis–9, cis–12 18:2). The CLA have conjugated double bonds that are separated by a single bond between 2 carbons. Generally, two isomers are addressed with respect to CLA is cis-9, trans-11 CLA and the trans-10, cis12 CLA., the studies have shown that Trans-10, cis-12 is a specific CLA isomer that decreas milk fat synthesis in lactating cow's supplements may improve energy balance (EB) in lactating cow's by reducing their energy requirements for milk synthesis. One the other hand with improvement in method of of fat from biohydrogenation in the rumen use of aitioxidant,s is nesseray when protected unsatturated fat are fed. Vitamin E (VE) and (Se) are essential micronutrients that share a common biological role as antioxidants. The purpose of this expperiment was to evaluate effect of Supplementary Rumen protected CLA with Supplementary injection of E-Se on reproductive perfomance and blood metabolit's change in Holstein cow's in transition period and early lactaction Materials and methods: forthy multiparous dairy cows were seleced and alloated randomaly into four treatment groups based on their previous milk yield and expected calving date during 21th precaving until 60th post calving .treatment groups consisted of 1 basal diet (Control), 2-basal diet plus injectable E-Se Supplement (E-Se),3- basal diet plus CLA 100 g/day per each cow (CLA) 4- basal diet plus CLA 100 g/day per each cow and Injectable E-Se Supplement (CLA+E-Se.The dose of injectable E-Se supplement was 40 ml/cow. The injection has done muscularly in each cow in days, -21, 1, 14, 28 and 42 after calving.. Dry matter intake an milk yield daily, milk composition weekly, 'Weight and BCS Three weekly was measured. Blood samples were collected in -21, , 1, 7, 14, 21 periods of calving. Results: feeding CLA had significantly affected on increase of milk yield 'milk efficiency and energy balance in dairy cow's (P<0.001) feeding CLA significantly decreased milk fat percentage and yield (P<0.001) and had not affected on percentage of other component of milk such as protein, Solid not fat, lactose, and somatic cell cont's (P>0.05). althought protein yield, Solid not fat and lactose, significantly increase with CLA supplementation (P<0.001). Reproductive traits such as open day's, service per conception none significantly improved with CLA supplementation (P>0.05). Feeding CLA had not significant affected on blood metabolit's in caving and post calving.interaction effect's of CLA with E-Se had siginificant on glucose concentration (P<0.05). cow's fed with control ration had less glucose concentration in contrast cow's fed with ration with CLA suuplment had highest glucose concentration (P<0.05) conclusion: Results of this experiment showed that use of CLA supplement to dairy cows cause decrease in milk fat and reduce BCS losses and incerase milk yield and improvement in energy balance but had not significant effect on blood parameter. use of injectable E-Se supplement cause decrease in milk fat yield and increased milk SNF yield use of CLA supplement and injectable E-Se supplement non signifiantly improve reproductive performance of dairy cows
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
5
v.
4
no.
2018
101
118
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_4119_223fdc6e02525d3743a49b22034ab832.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2017.13635.1568
Radiation effects of micrwave on chemical compounds, rumen degradability, starch digestion and crude protein of different barley grain varieties
الناز
پیرعدل
گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه ارومیه
author
رسول
پیرمحمدی
استاد بخش تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان، گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه ارومیه
author
حامد
خلیل وندی بهروزیار
گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه ارومیه
author
text
article
2018
per
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
5
v.
4
no.
2018
119
144
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_4120_4df5ce85480d1786117fcb294e7460b5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2017.13674.1569
Studying survival distribution function in Raini Cashmere kids from birth to yearling
Fatemeh
Mohammadinejad
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
محمدرضا
محمد آبادی
عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
author
Arsalan
Barazandeh
Department of Animal Science, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
author
Masoud
Asadi Fozi
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Background and objectives: The goat population has increased globally despite major changes in agriculture due to industrial mergers, globalization, and technological advances in the developed countries. Goat farming is one of the key elements contributing to the economy of farmers living in the arid and semi-arid regions including most areas of Iran. There are 30 million heads of cashmere goats around the world and 4.5-5 million heads of cashmere goats are bred in Iran. Raini goat is one of the most important Iranian native goats that spread in the southeast of Iran where these animals are kept for both meat and cashmere production. There are almost 3 million heads of this trait in Kerman province. Although many breeding programs were performed, but have not led to much progress in its economic profitability. One of these reasons can be lack of an economic selection index for basic traits. Survival is one of the most important economic traits and effects on income of farmers, because death or early culling of animals decreases income of breeders. Hence, considering this trait in breeding programs can improve it and increase economic performance of animals. Considering the importance of survival, and the fact that survival of Raini goats has never been studied, the aim of this study was to estimate survival distribution function in Raini kids from birth to yearling. Materials and methods: Data set used in this study were 3055 records of kids (from 201 male goats and 1309 female) related to the breeding station of Raini goat located in the Baft city of Kerman province, collected during the years 1992 to 2007. The frequency distribution for causes of culling and survival distribution function of kids to yearling age was estimated by R software. Results: The overall kids’ culling up to yearling age was 21.09 percent, which in the first, second, third and fourth triplet months was 11.2%, 5.08%, 2.17%, and 3.64%, respectively. The most causes of removing kids from the flock were extra-fattening kids and mortality due to illness, respectively. The accumulative survival from birth to yearling age of kids was 77.91 percent. The regression coefficient of survival showed that the survival rate decreased by 0.048 percent per day. Conclusion: Considering the higher mortality rate in the first 3 months of life, it can be recommended to reconsider in the way of management and breeding system, improve genetic capacity and involve survival trait in breeding programs.
Journal of Ruminant Research
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2345-4253
5
v.
4
no.
2018
145
152
https://ejrr.gau.ac.ir/article_4121_24c078e758c7a2e202d3cf9c1251c741.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22069/ejrr.2018.14151.1595